Basic life support - BLS - explained.pptx

Basic life support

1. BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

2. OBJECTIVES At the end of this class you must know How to assess the collapsed victim. How to perform chest compression and rescue breathing. How to operate an automated external defibrillator safely. How to place an unconscious breathing victim in the recovery position . How to do Hiemlich maneuver

3. What is CPR? Sequences of procedures performed to restore the circulation of oxygenated blood after a sudden pulmonary and/or cardiac arrest

4. Who can be a rescuer? Anyone!!!! Chest compressions and pulmonary ventilation performed by anyone who knows how to do it, anywhere, immediately, without any other equipment

5. Start CPR Immediately Better chance of survival Brain damage starts in 4-6 minutes Brain damage is certain after 10 minutes without CPR Bystander CPR vital intervention before arrival of emergency services – double or triple survival from SCA ( sudden cardiac arrest ) Early resuscitation and prompt defibrillation (within 1-2 minutes) can result in >60% survival

6. Chain of survival Core set of actions that provide a universal strategy for achieving successful resuscitation Survival rates approach 50% when implemented

7. Scene safety

8. Check response Tap shoulder and shout “Are you ok?” Unresponsive No breathing No normal breathing

9. Do not confuse gasping with NORMAL breathing Occurs shortly after the heart stops in up to 40% of cardiac arrests Described as barely, heavy, noisy or agonal breathing Recognise as a sign of cardiac arrest

10. Shout for help Activate emergency response system

11. Start CPR

12. Why the change? Majority of SCA- VF or pulseless VT Critical elements- compression and defib In ABC sequence- compressions delayed More willingness among rescuers Healthcare providers can tailor sequence

13. Compression is more important Initially- oxygen levels in blood adequate Many cardiac arrest victims exhibit gasping If airway is open, passive chest recoil allows gas exchange

14. Pulse check Lay rescuers- NO pulse check Healthcare providers- take no more than 10 seconds

15. Chest compressions Place victim on firm surface Kneel/ stand beside Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the chest Place other hand on top Interlock fingers Elbows extended

16. How compression w orks Effective CPR provides 1/4 to 1/3 normal blood flow

17. High quality CPR Rate- At least 100/ min Depth- 2 inches complete chest recoil Minimise interruptions Avoid excessive ventilation

18. Rescuer fatigue Leads to inadequate rates or depth When 2 or more rescuers present- swith compressors every 2 mins

19. Managing airway Head- tilt Chin lift Jaw thrust

20. Managing airway Campbell

21. Managing airway C- spine injury suspected- ONLY JAW THRUST

22. RESCUE BREATHING Give 2 rescue breaths Pinch the nose Take a normal breath Place lips over mouth Blow until the chest rises Take about 1 second Allow chest to fall Repeat

23. Methods Mouth- mouth Mouth- barrier device Mouth- nose Bag and mask Supraglottic airway Advanced airway

24. Compression ventilation ratio 30 2

25. Pulse check- Every 2 mins / After 5 cycles Definite pulse 1 breath every 5 secs Recheck pulse every 2 mins No pulse Continue CPR

26. AED arrives Some AEDs will automatically switch themselves on when the lid is opened

27. Attach pads

28. Analyse rhythm

29. When shock indicated Stand clear Deliver shock

30. Resume CPR DO NOT CHECK PULSE IMMEDIATELY Resume CPR

31. When to stop CPR? Victim revives Trained help arrives Too exhausted to continue Criteria indicating irreversible death

32. Recovery position When unresponsive victims have normal breathing & effective circulation

33. FBAO- Recognizing Choking Can’t speak, breathe or cough Universal distress signal (clutches neck) Turning blue If victim is coughing strongly, do not intervene

34. Conscious Choking Give abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) Place fist just above the umbilicus (normal size) Give upward and inward thrusts Pregnant or obese- chest thrusts Continue until successful or victim collapses

35. REMEMBER Everyone is a rescuer Every second matters Chain of survival High quality CPR Learn how to operate an AED

36. Thank you