Basic Meaning of Computer languages

Language,
Low-level languages,
High-level languages,
CHARACTERSTICS OF LOW LEVEL LANGUAGES
Third generation languages (3GL)
Types: - C++
VISUAL BASIC
JAVA
JAVASCRIPT

1. Basic Meaning of
Computer Language
Dr. Kamal Gulati

2. LANGUAGE
HumanLanguage:Commonlyused
toexpressFeeingandunderstand
otherpersonexpression.Itcanbe
oralorgesturalkindof
Communication.

3. DEFINITION OF COMPUTER LANGUAGES
•A computer languages are the languages by
which a user command a computer to work on
the algorithm which a user has written to get
an output.
TWO TYPES OF COMPUTER LANGUAGES
•Low-level languages
•High-level languages

4. Lower Level Language
Alow-levelprogramminglanguageis
aprogramminglanguagethatprovideslittleorno
abstractionfromacomputer'sinstructionset
architecture.Itconsistsofnumericcodesi.e0&1.
Thesecodesareeasilyunderstandabletocomputer
butdifficulttohuman..Alowerlevellanguageis
usedintwogenerationsofcomputer.
•firstgeneration
•secondgeneration

5. First generation languages or 1GL
Representtheveryearly,primitive
computerlanguagesthatconsisted
entirelyof1'sand0's-theactual
languagethatthecomputer
understands(machinelanguage).

6. Second generation languages (2GL)
Representastepupfromthefirst
generationlanguages.Allowfor
theuseofsymbolicnames
insteadofjustnumbers.Second
generationlanguagesareknown
asassemblylanguages.Code
writteninanassemblylanguage
isconvertedintomachine
language(1GL).

7. CHARACTERSTICS OF LOW LEVEL
LANGUAGES
•Direct memory management
•Little-to-no abstraction from the hardware
•Register access
•Statements usually have an obvious
correspondence with clock cycles
•Superb performance

8. Advantages
•ComputationalSpeedisveryfast.
•Directlyunderstandablebycomputer.
Disadvantages
•Developmentofaprograminmachinelanguageisvery
timeconsuming.
•Errorcorrectionistediousprocess.

9. HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGES
•High-levelprogramminglanguagesallowthe
specificationofaproblemsolutionintermscloserto
thoseusedbyhumanbeings.Theselanguageswere
designedtomakeprogrammingfareasier,lesserror-
proneandtoremovetheprogrammerfromhavingto
knowthedetailsoftheinternalstructureofa
particularcomputer.Thislanguageisusedinthird
generation.

10. Thirdgenerationlanguages(3GL)
Withthelanguagesintroducedbythe
thirdgenerationofcomputer
programming,wordsandcommands
(insteadofjustsymbolsand
numbers)werebeingused.These
languagestherefore,hadsyntaxthat
wasmucheasiertounderstand.Third
generationlanguagesareknownas
"highlevellanguages"andincludeC,
C++,Java,andJavascript,among
others.

11. TYPES
•C++
•VISUAL BASIC
•JAVA
•JAVASCRIPT

12. C++
•C++isstaticallytyped,free-form,multi-
paradigm,compiled,general-purposeprogramming
language.Itisregardedasa"middle-level"language,
asitcomprisesacombinationofbothhigh-
levelandlow-levellanguagefeatures.
Language features
Operators and operator overloading
Templates
Objects
Polymorphism

13. VISUAL BASIC
•VisualBasic(VB)isthethird-generationevent-
drivenprogramminglanguageandintegrated
developmentenvironment(IDE)fromMicrosoftfor
itsCOMprogrammingmodel.VisualBasicis
relativelyeasytolearnanduse.

14. CHARACTERSTICS
•Interpreted
•Dynamic constructs (open classes, message-
style methods, etc)
•Poor performance
•Concise code
•Flexible syntax (good for internal DSLs)

15. Advantages
•Thesearesimpletoadoptduetotheirenglishlike
structureofstatements.
•Theyareeasytomaintainanddebug.
Disadvantages
•TheProgramwritteninhighlevellanguagearelessefficient
astheytakemoreexecutiontime.
•Thecompileralsoconsumessomememoryasitisrequired
forthetranslationprocess.