Basic of Computer software

Software tpes

1. Computer software BY LECTURER SURAJ PANDEY CCT COLLEGE

2. What is Software A set of instructions that performs specific task in the computer is called a computer program. The collection of computer programs and related data that provide the instructions telling a computer what to do is called a software. Software is a set of programs, which are designed to perform a well-defined function. A program is a sequence of instructions written to solve a particular problem. There are two types of softwares : System Software Application Software BY LECTURER SURAJ PANDEY CCT COLLEGE

3. System Software The system software is a collection of programs designed to operate, control and extend the processing capabilities of the computer itself. System software are generally prepared by computer manufacturers. These softwares comprise of programs written in low level languages which interact with the hardware at a very basic level. System software serves as the interface between hardware and the end users. Some examples of system software are Operating System, Compilers, Interpreter, Assemblers, etc. BY LECTURER SURAJ PANDEY CCT COLLEGE

4. Basically, a system software performs the following tasks(Functions). Monitoring the use of all the hardware components. Communicating with peripheral devices such as printer, scanners, webcam, card readers etc. Managing the files and folders Providing an easy interaction between the users and components. Running the application software Development of other types of software. BY LECTURER SURAJ PANDEY CCT COLLEGE

5. Application Software Application softwares are the softwares that are designed to satisfy a particular need of a particular environment. Application software may consist of a single program, such as a Microsoft's notepad for writing and editing simple text. It may also consist of a collection of programs, often called a software package, which work together to accomplish a task, such as a spreadsheet package. BY LECTURER SURAJ PANDEY CCT COLLEGE

6. Examples of Application softwares are the following: Payroll Software Student Record Software Inventory Management Software Income Tax Software Railways Reservation Software Microsoft Office Suite Software Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel Microsoft Powerpoint BY LECTURER SURAJ PANDEY CCT COLLEGE

7. The Application software can be subdivided into two types: 1. Tailored or Customized software 2. Packaged software BY LECTURER SURAJ PANDEY CCT COLLEGE

8. Tailored or customized software: It is the software designed to meet the specific requirement of an organization or individual. For example, payroll system, result processing, library system, banking system etc. BY LECTURER SURAJ PANDEY CCT COLLEGE

9. General or packaged software: It is a generalized set of software that perform specific task. For example, word processing package, (Ms word), spreadsheet package (MS-Excel), Data package(Ms-Access), Multimedia package (Ms- Powerpoint ), graphic package (Photoshop) etc. BY LECTURER SURAJ PANDEY CCT COLLEGE

10. Features of Application Software are the following: It is close to user. It is easy to design. More interactive. Slow in speed. Generally written in high-level language. Easy to understand. Easy to manipulate and use. Bigger in size and requires large storage space BY LECTURER SURAJ PANDEY CCT COLLEGE

11. Utility software Utility software is a collection of those programs that helps the programmer in performing some specific tasks to reduce the overall programming effort of the programmer. It also provides a useful service to the user of the computer by providing facilities for performing common tasks such as data transfer, search and merge of files, data and file recovery, diskette management, disk cleaner, disk defragmenter, system restore, antivirus etc. BY LECTURER SURAJ PANDEY CCT COLLEGE

12. Introduction to Hardware Hardware represents the physical and tangible components of the computer, i.e., the components that can be seen and touched. Examples of Hardware are following: Input devices -- keyboard, mouse, etc. Output devices -- printer, monitor, etc. Secondary storage devices -- Hard disk, CD, DVD, etc. Internal components -- CPU, motherboard, RAM, etc. BY LECTURER SURAJ PANDEY CCT COLLEGE

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14. Relationship between Hardware and Software Mutually dependent. Both of them must work together to make computer produce a useful output. Software cannot be utilized without supporting hardware. Hardware without set of programs to operate upon cannot be utilized and is useless. To get a particular job done on the computer, relevant software should be loaded into the hardware. Hardware is a one time expense. BY LECTURER SURAJ PANDEY CCT COLLEGE

15. Software development is very expensive and is a continuing expense. Different softwares can be loaded on a hardware to run different jobs. A software acts as an interface between the user and the hardware. If hardware is the 'heart' of a computer system, then software is its 'soul'. Both are complimentary to each other. BY LECTURER SURAJ PANDEY CCT COLLEGE

16. Hardware v/s Software BY LECTURER SURAJ PANDEY CCT COLLEGE

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20. What is Firmware Firmware is a combination of software and hardware. Computer chips that have data or programs recorded on them are firmware. These chips commonly include the following: ROMs (read-only memory) PROMs (programmable read-only memory) EPROMs (erasable programmable read-only memory) Firmware in PROM or EPROM is designed to be updated if necessary through a software update. Typical examples of devices containing firmware are embedded systems (such as traffic lights, consumer appliances, and digital watches), computers, BY LECTURER SURAJ PANDEY CCT COLLEGE

21. What is Middleware The term is most commonly used for software that enables communication and management of data in distributed applications. In the computer industry, middleware is a general term for any programming that serves to "glue together" or mediate between two separate and often already existing programs. A common application of middleware is to allow programs written for access to a particular database to access other databases. Typically, middleware programs provide messaging services so that different applications can communicate. The systematic tying together of disparate applications, often through the use of middleware, is known as enterprise application integration (EAI). BY LECTURER SURAJ PANDEY CCT COLLEGE

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23. Middleware is the infrastructure which facilitates creation of business applications, and provides core services like concurrency, transactions, threading, messaging, and the SCA framework for service-oriented architecture (SOA) applications. It also provides security and enables high availability functionality to your enterprise. Middleware includes Web servers, application servers, content management systems, and similar tools that support application development and delivery. It is especially integral to information technology based on Extensible Markup Language (XML), Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), Web services, SOA, Web 2.0 infrastructure, and Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)m etc. BY LECTURER SURAJ PANDEY CCT COLLEGE