Basic parts of engine.pptx

Basic parts of an Engine

1. STUDY ON BASIC PARTS OF AN ENGINE

2. Basic Parts of an Engine

3. Name of the parts 1. Cylinder block 12. Intake manifold 23. Gasket 2. Cylinder 13. Exhaust manifold 24. Timing gear 3. Cylinder head 14. Spark plug 25. Fuel pump 4. Cylinder liner 15. Fuel atomizer or Injector 26. Fuel filter 5. Piston 16. Carburetor 27. Oil filter 6. Piston ring a. Oil ring b. Compression ring 17. Valve a. Inlet valve b. Exhaust valve 28. Air cleaner 7. Piston or Gudgeon pin 18. Valve spring 29. Dip stick 8. Crank shaft 19. Flywheel 30. Fuel tank 9. Connecting rod 20. Bearing 31. Radiator 10. Cam shaft 21. Push rod 32. Water tank 11. High pressure fuel line 22. Rocker arm 33. Silencer

4. Cylinder block Cylinder block is the main part of the IC (Internal Combustion) engine. It is manufactured by casting. The material used may be cast iron or aluminum. Main supporting structure which holds the other components such as cylinder, piston. Cylinder head is tightly mounted on the top of the cylinder block with bolts and nut.

5. Cylinder A cylindrical shape which is machined accurately to accommodate the piston to reciprocate. It is called a cylinder . M ade of Cast iron and Cast steel by the process of casting to handle all the temperature and pressure which is generated after the combustion of fuel. To hold the fuel and guide the piston. All the functions of the engine take place inside it, such as intake, Suction, Compression, Combustion, Exhaust, etc.

6. Cylinder Head The cylinder head is the top cover of the engine cylinder which covers the cylinder from the topside. To seal the cylinder and does not give a permit to air and gas to enter and exit from the system.

7. Cylinder Liner The Cylinder Liner is integral to the engine block, and it is much harder than engine block. Serving as the inner wall of the cylinder. Forms a sliding surface for the piston ring. Prevent the piston from wearing . Compression gas sealing

8. Piston A cylindrical component fitted into the cylinder is called as the piston. It is designed in such a way that it is strong , light, and sufficient to handle the pressure and temperature which is generated after the combustion of fuel. The piston is made up of cast iron or sometimes made of aluminum alloy. Plays a crucial role in producing the work output. Transfers mechanical energy to the crankshaft with the help of connecting rod.

9. Piston Ring Piston rings are fitted into slots on the outside diameter of the piston . They are made up of cast iron and alloy cast iron. It is of two types: Compressor Ring (Pressure Ring) Oil Controller Ring To provide the sealing effect between the cylinder and the piston. Helps to overcome the friction around the piston. Compressor Ring transfers heat from the piston to the cylinder line. Oil controller ring maintain proper lubrication.

10. Gudgeon Pin or Piston pin Gudgeon pins connect the piston to the connecting rod at the small end. A piston pin made hollow for light weight. It provide the bearing support and pivot in between piston and connecting rod.

11. Crankshaft The crankshaft is a rotating shaft containing one or more crankpins, that are driven by the pistons via the connecting rods . It made by casting and forging process using the material of alloy steel or cast iron. Converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotary motion to an output shaft.

12. Connecting rod It made up of Low carbon steel, for the small engine, it is made up of cast aluminum alloy by the manufacturing process of Heat treatment and forging process Connect the piston to the crankshaft with the help of a piston pin and crank pin. Transmits the power from piston to crankshaft. Small end connect to the piston by gudgeon pin and big end connect to the crankshaft.

13. Cams & Camshaft To operate the Inlet and outlet valves at the correct timing, cams are provided on the camshaft. And also drives the ignition system. The camshaft is driven by the crankshaft through timing gears.

14. Spark Plug The component used to initiate the combustion process in the spark ignition system. Spark plug will be located in the Cylinder Head. Spark plug will be only available in the Spark Ignition engines only.

15. Fuel Atomizer or Injector The component used to initiate the combustion process in the compression ignition system. It will be located in the Cylinder Head. Used in compression ignition engine to inject or atomize the fuel into fine droplets.

16. Carburetor A carburetor is a device that atomizes the fuel and mixes it with air. A carburetor is used in a petrol engine. it is a mixing device to supply the engine with an air-fuel mixture . It is also used to reserve the quantity of fuel supply and maintain fuel at a constant head.

17. Valve and Valve Spring Inlet and the Exhaust valves are provided on the cylinder head or the side of the cylinder for regulating the charge coming into the cylinder or for discharging the combustion products from the cylinder. Valves will be available if it is a 4 stroke engine only . In 2 stroke engines, there are ports available.

18. Manifold Made of iron. Two types: Intake and Exhaust manifold. Intake manifold is connected to inlet valves. To provide air-fuel mixture into the engine for proper combustion . In diesel engine intake manifold is used for bringing only air Exhaust manifold is connected to exhaust valves. For taking out the exhaust gases from the combustion chamber after combustion.

19. Fly Wheel A Flywheel is an inertial (force) energy storage device . It is mounted on the crankshaft. Made of cast iron. Absorbs mechanical energy and serves as a reservoir during the p eriod when the supply of energy is more than the requirement. R eleases it during the period when energy is less than required . Sometime serves as pulley for transmitting engine power Assists in engine balancing.

20. Engine Bearing Several Bearing is used in the engine in which a bearing that allows the crankshaft to rotate is named engine bearing . It is made of iron. Used to Reducing friction Supporting parts of the machine or machine elements. Bearing radial or thrust loads

21. Push Rod Pushrods are slender metal (forged steel) rods and long in dimensions of the size. Pushrod connects from the camshaft and rocker arm. To convert the rotary motion of the camshaft into the pulse motion of the rocker arm. Helps to open and close the valve.

22. Rocker arm A ball crank that changes radial movement into linear movement. Rocker arms are generally made of steel . With the help of the spinning motion of the overhead camshaft that opens and closes the valves and turns it into the up-and-down movement.

23. Gasket Gasket is found between the cylinder head and cylinder block. The material of gasket may be rubber, paper, cork and metal. Used to control compression pressure in the cylinder. Prevent leaking air or air fuel mixture.

24. Timing Gear Two types: Crank gear and shaft gear. The crank shaft gear is on the end of the crank shaft. The cam shaft gear is on the end of the cam shaft. To ensure that the valves are opening and closing to the correct time Helps to perform in vehicle’s engine to operate smoothly

25. Fuel Pump A fuel pump is a component used in many liquid-fuelled engines (such as petrol/gasoline or diesel engines) to transfer the fuel from the fuel tank to the device where it is mixed with the intake air. Carbureted engines often use low-pressure (10–15   psi or 0.7–1.0   bar) mechanical pumps. Direct-injection engines operate at a much higher pressure, up to 30,000 psi (2,100 bar ).

26. High pressure fuel line R equired to deliver the fuel from the high pressure pump to the combustion engine without any loss of pressure, without any hindrance to the flow and without impairing the functions of the fuel injection components . Diesel fuel-injection systems run in the 10,000-30,000-psi range

27. Fuel Filter A fuel filter is a filter used to screens out foreign particles or liquids from the fuel. Most internal combustion engines use a fuel filter, in order to protect the components in the fuel system. Diesel engine used two types fuel filter: primary ( 10 to 15 microns) and secondary ( 3 to 5 microns).

28. Air Cleaner Made from paper, foam, carbon, aluminum, steel, fiberglass, or plastic. Prevents engine from being damaged with dirt, dust, sand, and other contaminants.

29. Dip stick It generally made of iron. Used for measuring level of lubricating oil.

30. Fuel tank The fuel tank is the container from which an engine draws its fuel. Used to store the fuel. H olds the fuel supply and helps maintain its temperature at a level below its flash point. A lso serves as an important means of dissipating heat from the fuel that is returned from the engine.

31. Radiator A radiator is a heat exchanger which eliminates excess heat from the system . The radiator is used in engine cooling systems for heat transfer. I t helps to transfer thermal energy from one medium to another medium for cooling and heating purpose.

32. Silencer Silencer is a device fixed to the exhaust of a engine. To reduce the noise produced by the exhaust gases of the engine . To cool the exhaust gases by expansion.