Basics of Sub station Automation.ppt....

Electrical Automation

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Basics of Substation Automation
Training Programme
- Harshit Agarwal

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SAS IC V:07/2012
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Automation?
The
 technique, method, or system of operating or controlling a process 
by
 highly 
automatic means,
 as by electronic devices, reducing human
intervention
 to a minimum.

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Why Automation?
To manage
Hazardous operation
Repetitive operation
Complex operation
To have
Faster response
Quicker decisions
Faster restoration after breakdown
Historical events and data management

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Why Automation?
Benefits
Sequential control with interlocks
Increased safety of personnel and of equipment
Increased security, availability, reliability, and efficiency
Reduced start up and shut down time
Reduced configuration time
Less or nil dependence on human beings
Lower operational cost

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Types of Automation
Industrial Automation
Automatic
manufacturing process
Automatic material
handling system
Automatic Packaging
systems
Automation of machines
Use of robotic science
Building Automation
Automatic Security
Systems
Automatic Fire Fighting
systems
Automatic employee
attendance systems
Automatic Electricity
usage systems
Energy Automation
Automation of Power
Protection system
Remote control and
monitoring of power
systems
Energy events and data
management
Automatic billing systems

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Energy Automation Components
Protection System
Protection of electrical power systems from
 faults through
the isolation of faulted parts from the rest of the
 electrical
network.
Substation Automation System
Substation
 automation refers to using data from Intelligent
electronic devices
 (IED), control and automation capabilities
within the substation, and control commands from remote
users to control power system devices.
Power Control Centers
Power Control centers monitor and control a big power
network which can include collection of energy data from
large number of Power Substations, Generating stations,
Industrial consumers and power distribution network

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Introduction to Energy System – Power Flow
Diagram

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SAS – Communication Network – Methods – Serial
Communication
Optical Fiber Communication
Data is sent as a
 time-series of Optical bits between Master and Slave devices
Optical Fiber is used based on Total Internal Reflection principle between
communication devices
Point to Point, Ring and Star Topologies are possible
Simplex, Half Duplex and Full Duplex Communication is Possible
Optical Communication required Tx (Transmitters – LED / Laser) and Rx
(Receivers – Photo-detectors)
Optical Fiber cables are of Multi-Mode Type and Single Mode Type
Multi Mode Fiber suitable up to 1KM of Data Transmission
Single Mode Fiber suitable up to 40KM of Data Transmission

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SAS – Communication Network – Methods –
Ethernet
Packet Switched Network Architecture
Local Area Network (LAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Local Area Network (LAN)
LANs are typically contained within a building or campus
relatively small number of users within a single company
LANs permit high data transmission speeds
transmission distance is limited to a few thousand meter
Examples are Ethernet or Token Ring

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SAS – Communication Network – Methods –
Ethernet
Wide Area Network (WAN)
WANs connect computers or LANs that are geographically separated
WAN transmits data at speeds generally lower than a LAN
WANs may cover an unlimited distance
Users may connect their home PCs to a WAN with the help of modems and
telephone lines

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SAS – Communication Network - Protocols
Common SAS Protocols based on Communication Method
Serial Protocols
IEC60870-5-101 // Control Center Protocol
IEC60870-5-103// Protection Device Protocol
Modbus RTU // Process Information Protocol
TCP/IP based Protocol
IEC60870-5-104 // Control Center Protocol
IEC61850 // Protection Device Protocol

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SAS – Communication Network - Protocols
Control Level
Station Level
Bay Level
IEC60870-5-101
IEC60870-5-104
IEC 60870-5-103
IEC 61850

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SAS – Communication Network - Protocols
IEC 61850 based architecture
Station controller
SICAM PAS
Operator
SICAM PAS CC
Station bus LWL IEC 61850
Control Centre
Ethernet IEC 61850
IEC60870-5-101
7SA63 7SA63 7SA63 7SA63 7SA63 6MD63 7SA63 7SA63
RS8000T
RS8000T
Ethernet IEC 61850
Ethernet IEC 61850
RS8000T
GPS
SICAM miniRTU
IEC60870-5-101