BE Civil_Rate Analysis 2024.pptx rate analy

Laminar flow is a flow regime characterized by high momentum diffusion, low momentum convection, pressure and velocity independent from time.

1. Specifications and Rate Analysis

2. INTRODUCTION Rate Analysis : The determination of rate per unit of a particular item of work, from the cost of quantities of materials, the cost of labourers and other miscellaneous petty expenses required for its completion is known as the Analysis of Rates. The rates of materials and labour vary from place to place and hence the rates of different items of works also vary from place to place . Purpose of Rate Analysis: To determine the current rate per unit of an item. To calculate the quantity of materials required for the project. To estimate the number of different categories of labourers required. To estimate the number and types of equipments required for the proposed work. By knowing the rates of different items, to estimate the total cost of project. To examine the viability of rates offered by the contractors. To fix up labour contract rates. To determine rates of extra items. To prepare schedule of rates (S.O.R.).

3. FACTORS AFFECTING RATE ANALYSIS Material Cost Condition of Contract Labour Cost Time Limit Equipment/Machinery Cost Transportation Cost Nature of Work Availability of Water & Electricity Location of Site Contractor's Profit Weather Overhead Charges Specifications Miscellaneous

4. SCHEDULE OF RATES (S.O.R) Schedule of rates is a list of rates of various items of work, to facilitate the preparation of estimates, and also to serve as a guide in settling rates in connection with contract agreements, a schedule of rates for all items of work is maintained in the form of a printed books known as schedule of rates (SOR). The schedule of rates consists of group of items such as excavation items, concrete items, masonry items, demolition items, plumbing items, electrification items etc. The Central Public Works Department (CPWD),premier construction organisation of the government of India, maintain printed schedule of rates book for various items of work and estimate is prepared with these rates.

5. SCHEDULE OF RATES (D.S.R.) District Schedule Rate is booklet contains list of various items of civil engineering work. It is used to prepare estimates of various structures and to be serve as guide to decide the rates of various items require as per specification. These rates are in printed form of booklet which is published by public work department for different regions. D.S.R. rates of various items of work including cost of material, labour , transportation charges etc. are included with 1 % profit for contractor. The rates given in D.S.R. are revised every year because of change in cost of material and labour wages every year. Following tabular form use to specify the rates of various items : Sr. no Item code Description of Items Units Rates for ( in Rs.) Completed Labour

6. TASK/OUT TURN WORK The capacity of doing work by an artisan or skilled labour in the form of quantity of work per day (8 hours shift) is known as Task Work or Out-turn of the labour . The out turn of work per artisan varies with situations and locations . In bigger cities where specialised and experienced labour is available, the out-turn is greater than in small towns and country side . In well organised work, less labour is required.

7. FACTORS AFFECTING TASK WORK Nature of work Weather condition Location of site Experience, skill and training of a person Whether the work is to be carried out on daily wages basis or on Piecework. Physical or psychological condition of labour . Labour wages ncentive to the labours . Specifications If the specifications of work are rigid, task work will be less or vice-versa. Number of labours with mason or artison .

8. DATA REQUIRED FOR THE ANALYSIS OF RATES Details of all operations involved in carrying out the work The quantities of materials and their costs The number of different categories of labourers required, their working capacity and daily wages

9. RATES OF ITEMS DEPEND ON Specifications of works and material, their quality, proportion and method of constructional operation. Quantity of materials and their costs. Cost of labours and their wages. Location of site of work and the distances from source and conveyance charges. Overhead and establishment charges. Profit and miscellaneous expenses of the contractor.

10. ANALYSIS OF RATES The analysis of rates is worked out for the unit payment of the particular item of work under two heads. Materials Labour Material Cost + Labour Cost = Cost of Items of Work Other items included are: Tools and Plants (T & P) = 2.5 to 3% of the labour cost Transportation cost more than 8 km is considered. Water charges = 1.5 to 2% of total cost. Contractor's profit = 10% Miscellaneous = Lump sum provisions are made for miscellaneous items.

11. LABOUR REQUIRED FOR DIFFERENT WORK

12. CALCULATION OF QUANTITIES Cement Concrete (1:2:4) for RC work excluding reinforcement and form work . A)Estimation of Materials Assume volume of R.C.C. = 10 cu m (wet volume) 1.54 cu m dry volume of concrete making materials produces 1.0 cu m wet concrete Therefore volume of dry materials required for 10 cu m of wet concrete is 15.4 cu m. Sum of proportion of cement, sand and course aggregate = 1+2+4 = 7 Hence , volume of cement = 15.4/7 = 2.2 cu m. Number of bags required = 2.2 / 0.0347 ≈ 64 bags. Volume of sand required = 2.2 × 2 = 4.4 cu m. Volume of course aggregate required = 2.2 × 4 = 8.8 cu m.

13. B ) Rate Analysis Assume, volume of R.C.C. = 10 cu m.

14. Estimating the Quantity of Bricks Needed Per Cubic Meter Standard elements of brick in metric units are 225 x 112.5 x 75 mm. Duplicate these measurements to get the volume of a brick, 0.225 m x 0.1125 m x 0.075 m = 0.00189 cubic meter . In one cubic meter, number of bricks will be (1/0.00189)=529.1 bricks . 10 % of brickwork will be secured by mortar . Deduct 10% bricks from the 529.1, will get 529.1-52.91=476.20 bricks . Include 5% wastage of bricks. 5 % of 476.20 is 23.80 bricks . Add 23.80 and 476.20 to get number of bricks in one cubic meter brickwork. 23.80+476.20=500 bricks .