Bench_fitting_tool_mechanical_workshop.ppt

This is related to mechanical workshop

1. Bench Fitting Tools
Lecture

2. Industrial Tool Usage
Two categories
Hand tools
1. Cutting tools
2. Non cutting tools
Machine tools
Importance of hand tools should not be
overlooked

3. Classes of Hand Tools
Cutting Tools
Used to separate, part, trim, or divide
parts
Include saws, grinders, files, and etc.

4. Classes of Hand Tools
Noncutting Tools
Used basically for holding, forming,
assembling, reassembling, destroying, or
dismantling parts
Include vices, hammers, screwdrivers,
wrenches, pliers, and etc.

5. Bench Fitting Shop
Fitting is the process of assembling
various parts manufactured in the
machine shop.

6. Bench Fitting Tools
Tools used in Fitting shop
1.Measuring tools
2.Marking tools
3.Holding tools
4.Striking tools
5.Loosening and tightening tools
6.Cutting tools
7.Threading tools

7. Measuring Tools

8. Measuring Tools
Steel Rule
Vernier Caliper
Measuring Tape
Thread Pitch Gauge
Feeler Gauge
Try Square

9. Try square
Used to test the trueness of mutually
perpendicular surfaces.

10. Marking Tools

11. Marking Tools
Marking is the process of layout of sizes on
work piece. The following tools are used in
marking out operations.
1.Scriber
2.Punch
3.Divider

12. Scriber
Used like a pencil to mark, scratch line on the
work piece for transferring drawing on it.
It can be used for marking as well as checking.

13. Punch

14. Divider
A divider used in fitting shop is similar to that of
spring caliper, except that both legs are straight
and sharp.
The tool is used to transfer dimensions, scribing
circles and for laying out of drawing.

15. Holding Tools

16. Work bench
The work bench is a strong, heavy and rigid
table made up of hard wood.
Bench vice , is the device used to hold the
workpiece and it is rigidly clamped on the top
of the table as shown.

17. Bench Vice
Also Called Machinist’s Vice
Used to hold small work securely for sawing,
filing, polishing, drilling, reaming, and tapping
It consists of one moveable and one fixed jaw.
The jaws are opened upto required length, job
is placed in the two jaws and is fully tightened
with handle.

18. BENCH VICE

19. Clamping Device
C-Clamp
Popular in Plant
settings
2” to 12”
Allows clamping
two or more items
together or
clamping one item
to another

20. Clamping Device
Boiler Clamps
Heavy Duty
6” to 24”

21. Striking Tools

22. Striking Tools
These are used for striking purposes like
punching, chipping, marking, bending,
straightening and riveting
Hammer is basic striking tool

23. Parts of hammer
Peen
Face
Eye hole
Handle
Cheek
Wedge

24. Types of hammer
Ball Peen hammer
Straight Peen hammer
Cross Peen hammer

25. Hard Faced Hammers
Ball Peen
Peen: smaller, rounded
end
Used in riveting or
peening operations
Variety of sizes
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26. Hard Faced Hammers
Claw type
Smaller striking surface
Claw end can be used
for prying nails and etc
Variety of sizes

27. Soft-Faced Hammers
Faces made of plastic or
rubber.
Plastic or rubber faced
hammers are fastened
to steel body and
replaced when worn
Used in assembling or
dismantling parts so
finished surface of
work not marred

28. Soft-Faced Hammers
Heads with replaceable faces made of
plastic or rubber

29. Loosening and Tightening tools

30. Screwdrivers
Two most common types
Standard or flat blade
Phillips

31. Flat Screwdrivers
Tip for use with slotted-type screw
Manufactured in various sizes
To suit various-sized slots in heads of
fasteners
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32. Phillips Screwdrivers
 Tip for use with Phillips-type screws

33. Spanners
Many types used in machine shop work
Each suited for specific purpose
Name derived from use, shape, or
construction
Most available in both inch and metric
measuring systems

34. C type Spanner
Single-ended or double-ended C type
spanners
Double-ended have different-size
opening at each end

35. Ring Spanner
Completely surround nut and useful in close quarters
where only small rotation of nut can be obtained at
one time
Box end has 4, 6, or 12 precisely cut notches around
inside face
Notches fit closely over points on outside of nut
Have different sizes at each end

36. Box Spanner
It consists of a steel tube which has
hexagonal heads on both sides which fully
cover the head of the nut or the bolt to be
opened.

37. Adjustable Wrenches
May be adjusted to within certain range to fit several
sizes of nuts or bolt heads
Useful for odd-size nuts or when proper size not
available
Can slip when not properly adjusted to flats of nut

38. Pipe Wrenches
Made of Cast Iron, Aluminum, or Beryllium/Copper
Used to loosen or tighten pipe connections
6” to 48”

39. Allen keys
Commonly called hex keys
Hexagonal fits into recesses of socket
head setscrews and capscrews

40. Pliers
Useful for gripping and holding small parts
for certain machining operations or when
assembling parts
Many types and sizes
Names by shape, function or construction

41. Types of Pliers
Combination or slip-joint pliers
Adjustable to grip both large and small work
Grip work when small holes must be drilled
or for bending or twisting light, thin materials
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42. Types of Pliers
Side-cutting pliers
Used mainly for cutting, gripping, and
bending of small diameter (1/8 in. or less)
rods or wires

43. Types of Pliers
Needle-nose pliers
Available in both straight- and bent-nose
types
Useful for holding very small parts,
positioning them in hard-to-get-at places
and bending wire

44. Cutting Tools

45. Cutting Tools
Often necessary to perform certain metal-
cutting operations at bench or on job
Common tools
Hacksaws
Files
Chisels

46. Hand Hacksaw
Solid frame rigid and will accommodate
blades of one specific length
Adjustable frame more common and will take
blades from 10 to 12 in. long
Wing nut provides adjustment

47. Files
Hand cutting tool made of high-carbon steel
Used to remove surplus metal and to produce
finished surfaces
Manufactured in variety of types and shape

48. Single-cut Files
Single row of parallel teeth
running diagonally across face
Used when smooth finish desired
Include mill, long-angle lathe, and saw files

49. Double-cut Files
Two intersecting rows of teeth
First row called overcut
Second row called upcut
Hundreds of cutting teeth
Provides for fast removal of metals and
easy clearing of chips

50. Machinist Files
Types most commonly used in shop
• Flat
• Round
• Half-round
• Square
• Triangle

51. Flat File
Used for general filing of metals such as
steel.
 Rectangular in section and are the
Most common type of file used in
workshops.

52. Round File
Round in cross-section and gradually
tapered over their length.
Used for enlarging round holes or
cutting scalloped edges

53. Half round File
Used for filing curved surfaces
Useful for filing internal curves

54. Square File
Square file is quite thin and fits into
corners well.
 Used to file slots in metal

55. Cross-sectional Views of
Shop Files

56. Filing Methods
Cross filing
File strokes are made in diagonal form
from right to left and then from left to right
 Used for medium and heavy cuts
56

57. Filing Methods
Straight filing
 File is pressed and moved forward
approximately right angles to the length of the
work
On back stroke the file is lifted
Suitable to the narrow pieces of work

58. Filing Methods
Draw filing
Both the hands are kept on the two ends of the
file blade and the blade is kept at the right
angles to the length of the work.
Forward and backward strokes of the file will
smoothen the surface of work.

59. Care of Files
1.Do not store files where they rub together
Don’t throw into drawer with other files
2.Never use file as pry of hammer
3.Do not knock file on vise or other metallic
object to clean it
Use brush or file card
4.Apply pressure only on forward stroke

60. Chisel
Chisels are used to cut or chip off
metal from work piece.
Two types of chisel
1.Flat chisel
2.Cross cut chisel

61. Flat Chisel
Used to chip off excess metal from
the surface of the job.
Used for cutting sheets, rods, bars,
wires and similar metallic pieces.

62. Cross Cut Chisel
 It has a slightly wider cutting end than
the body but narrow in thickness
 Used to cut groves , keys, ways
 Width of cutting edges varies from 4 to
12mm

63. Threading Tools

64. Threading Tools
Tap is used to cut internal threads
on a hole drilled to the core
diameter of the thread.
Die is used to cut threads on a
round bar of a metal, such as the
threads on a bolt.

65. Types of hand Taps
Bottoming tap
Plug or intermediate tap
Taper tap

66. Types of hand Dies
Solid die
Screw adjusting die
Open adjusting die