Beyond the Code: Identifying and reducing complexity in software development

What makes software complex? In this presentation, we’ll dive into the various forms of complexity that software teams face, offering insights into how to measure and manage them effectively. From bad architectural decisions and cognitive biases to misalignment and inconsistent practices, we’ll cover the hidden sources of cognitive load that can hinder productivity and create frustration. By examining how organizational structure and tooling contribute to it, we’ll provide attendees with a toolkit for identifying, avoiding, and reducing unnecessary complexity. Walk away with strategies to make your codebase cleaner and your team’s workflow more efficient.

1. BEYOND THE CODE: IDENTIFYING AND
REDUCING COMPLEXITY
IN SOFTWARE DESIGN.
Dmitrii Ivanov,
Senior iOS developer @ING

3. AGENDA
Complexity
What is it? What brings it?
How to deal with it?
How to
measure it?

4. Complexity
What is it? What brings it?
How to deal with it?
How to
measure it?

5. WHAT IS COMPLEXITY?
Simplicity Complexity
Cognitive load

6. INFORMATION PROCESSING MODEL
Sensory
memory
Working
memory
Long-term
memory
Input Attention
Encoding
Retrieval
!
Unlimited
Up to 3 sec
Capacity:
~7 items
5-20 sec
Unlimited
Indefinitely
Capacity: Capacity:

7. COGNITIVE CAPACITY
Sensory
memory
Working
memory
Long-term
memory
Input Attention
Encoding
Retrieval
Unlimited
Up to 3 sec
Capacity:
~7 items
5-20 sec
Unlimited
Indefinitely
Capacity: Capacity:

8. OUR WORLD IS COMPLEX!

9. OUR WORLD IS COMPLEX!

10. COMPLEX SYSTEMS AROUND US
▸Biological organisms
▸Social constructs and institutes
▸Devises and constructions
▸Organisations
▸Processes
▸Software products

11. HUMAN-MADE SYSTEMS

12. ESSENTIAL (INHERITED) COMPLEXITY

13. HUMAN-MADE SYSTEMS

14. ADDED (ACCIDENTAL) COMPLEXITY

15. ADDED COMPLEXITY
ESSENTIAL COMPLEXITY
Inherent to the problem
Introduced by a solution

16. Sensory
memory
Working
memory
Long-term
memory
Input Attention
Encoding
Retrieval
Unlimited
Up to 3 sec
Capacity:
~7 items
5-20 sec
Unlimited
Indefinitely
Capacity: Capacity:
COMPLEXITY = COGNITIVE LOAD

17. IMPACT OF BIG COGNITIVE LOAD
▸Low maintainability
▸Steep learning curve
▸Bad scalability
▸Error-proneness
▸Slow decision-making
▸More communication
▸Worse developers' well-being

18. Complexity
What is it? What brings it?
How to deal with it?
How to
measure it?

19. Complexity
What is it? What brings it?
How to deal with it?
How to
measure it?

20. MEASURING COMPLEXITY
“You can't Manage what you can't Measure"
W. Edwards Deming
statistician and quality-control expert
or
Peter Drucker
books author, management consultant 

21. MEASURING COMPLEXITY
1.Lines of Code (LOC)
2.Cyclomatic complexity
3.Halstead volume
4.Maximum Nesting Level
5.Number of Parameters
6.Maintainability Index
func doSomething(x: Int) -> Int {
let y = x + 10
return y
}
func doSomething(x: Int) -> Int {
let y = x + 10
if y > 0 {
return y
} else {
return 0
}
}
MI = MAX(0,(171 -
5.2 * ln(Halstead Volume) -
0.23 * (Cyclomatic Complexity) -
16.2 * ln(Lines of Code)) *
100 / 171)

22. MEASURING COMPLEXITY
7.Cohesion (how focused are the functions)
8.Coupling (amount of dependencies)
9.Depth of Inheritance Tree (DIT)
10.Response for a Class (RFC)
11.Number of Added Methods
12.Number of Overridden Methods
13.Number of Implemented Interfaces (NOII)

23. MEASURING COMPLEXITY
7.Cohesion (how focused are the functions)
8.Coupling (amount of dependencies)
9.Depth of Inheritance Tree (DIT)
10.Response for a Class (RFC)
11.Number of Added Methods
12.Number of Overridden Methods
13.Number of Implemented Interfaces (NOII)
1.Lines of Code (LOC)
2.Cyclomatic complexity
3.Halstead volume
4.Maximum Nesting Level
5.Number of Parameters
6.Maintainability Index

24. Complexity
What is it? What brings it?
How to deal with it?
How to
measure it?

25. Complexity
What is it? What brings it?
How to deal with it?
How to
measure it?

26. Specific decisions in codeLogic/code distribution
Problem-solution discrepancyWrong abstraction level
Architectural approach Human nature
Product evolution AI-generated code
Complexity
What brings it?
How to deal with it?

27. CYCLOMATIC COMPLEXITY
func doSomething(x: Int) -> Int {
let y = x + 10
return y
}
Easier
func doSomething(x: Int) -> Int {
let y = x + 10
if y > 0 {
return y
} else {
return 0
}
}
More difficult

28. NESTED DATA TYPES
EasierMore difficult
public struct AboutThisAppConfiguration {

public struct Entry {

public enum Content {
case modal(AboutLegalEntryCoordinator )
case confirmedDeepLink(ConfirmationAlertPresenter )
}

public let title: String
public let content: Content

public init(title: String, icon: UIImage? = nil, content: Content,
trackingIdentifier: String, accessibilityIdentifier : String) {
self.title = title
self.content = content
}
}

public let entries: [Entry]

public init(entries: [Entry]) {
self.entries = entries
}
}
public struct AboutThisAppConfiguration {

public let entries: [AboutThisAppConfigurationEntry ]
public init(entries: [Entry]) {
self.entries = entries
}
}
public struct AboutThisAppConfigurationEntry {

public let title: String
public let content: AboutThisAppConfigurationEntryContent
public init(title: String, icon: UIImage? = nil, content: Content,
trackingIdentifier: String, accessibilityIdentifier : String) {
self.title = title
self.content = content
}
}
public enum AboutThisAppConfigurationEntryContent {
case modal(AboutLegalEntryCoordinator )
case confirmedDeepLink(ConfirmationAlertPresenter )
}

29. NESTED `IF`
EasierMore difficult
if cardIds.count > 1 {
cardDismissHandler()
} else {
if insightsWidgetViewController != nil {
cardDismissHandler()
}
insightsWidgetCoordinatorDelegate ?.dismissWidget(at: insightsLocation)
}
if cardIds.count > 1 || insightsWidgetViewController != nil {
cardDismissHandler()
} else {
insightsWidgetCoordinatorDelegate ?.dismissWidget(at: insightsLocation)
}
if let cardId {
if let element = interaction. element(for: insightsLocation,
cardId: cardId) else {
return
}
} else {
tracker.trackElements(element,
page: analyticsPage(with: productName))
}
guard let cardId, let element = interaction.element(for: insightsLocation,
cardId: cardId) else {
return
}
tracker.trackElements(element, page: analyticsPage(with: productName))

30. LONG PARAMETER LIST
EasierMore difficult
public func trackFormStep(formId: String,
formStep: String,
formStatus: String,
transactionId: String?,
formOutcome: String?,
formType: String?) {
...
}
public func trackFormStep(content: FormStepTrackingContent ) {
...
}
public struct FormStepTrackingContent : Equatable, Sendable {
public let formId: String
public let formStep: String
public let formStatus: String
public let transactionId: String?
public let formOutcome: String?
public let formType: String?
}

31. COMPLEX CONDITIONS
if (featureToggles.toggle(for: .inAppReview) == .enabled &&
(numberOfLaunchesSinceLastPrompted >=
configuration.minimumRequiredLaunches ) ||
(dateProvider() >= nextPromptDate &&
applicationVersion != latestVersionPromptedForReview )) {
attemptToShowNativeRating (in: windowScene, completion: completion)
}
let featureIsActive = featureToggles.toggle(for: .inAppReview) == .enabled
let enoughLaunches = numberOfLaunchesSinceLastPrompted >=
configuration.minimumRequiredLaunches
let dateVersionConditionMet = ( dateProvider() >= nextPromptDate &&
applicationVersion != latestVersionPromptedForReview )
if featureIsActive && (enoughLaunches || dateVersionConditionMet) {
attemptToShowNativeRating (in: windowScene, completion: completion)
}
EasierMore difficult

32. SPECIFIC DECISIONS IN CODE
‣ High cyclomatic complexity
‣ High nesting level
‣ Long parameter list
‣ Complex conditions
‣ Nested if`s
‣ Code duplication
‣ Divergent change
‣ Shotgun surgery
‣ Feature Envy
‣ Data Clumps
…and many more

33. CODE SMELLS
‣ High cyclomatic complexity
‣ High nesting level
‣ Long parameter list
‣ Complex conditions
‣ Nested if`s
‣ Code duplication
‣ Divergent change
‣ Shotgun surgery
‣ Feature Envy
‣ Data Clumps
…and many more

34. REFACTORING

35. Specific decisions in codeLogic/code distribution
Problem-solution discrepancyWrong abstraction level
Architectural approach Human nature
Product evolution AI-generated code
Complexity
What brings it?
How to deal with it?

36. Specific decisions in codeLogic/code distribution
Problem-solution discrepancyWrong abstraction level
Architectural approach Human nature
Product evolution AI-generated code
Complexity
What brings it?
How to deal with it?

37. -Do you mostly need to keep parts
together in mind?
-Are the parts normally used together?
-Is it hard to understand one without
another
-Do they have shared state
(dependency, data model, backend)
-Do they have a common object of
manipulation
-Do they perform different operations?
-Do they perform on a different level
of abstraction?
-Do they have semantical separation
(general - special)?
TOGETHER SEPARATE(IF YES) (IF YES)

38. func open(url: URL) {
guard var urlComponents = URLComponents(url: url, resolvingAgainstBaseURL : true) else {
return
}
if var queryItems = urlComponents. queryItems,
let marketingID = queryItems. first(where: { $0.name == tracker.marketingIDParamName }) {
tracker.marketingID = marketingID.value
queryItems = queryItems. filter { $0.name != tracker.marketingIDParamName }
}
urlComponents. queryItems = queryItems.isEmpty ? nil : queryItems

if let host = urlComponents. host, configuration.allowedHosts.contains(host) {
var path = urlComponents. path
pathsToReplace.forEach {
path = path. replacingOccurrences (of: $0.initialPath, with: $0.replacementPath)
}
urlComponents. path = path
}
let processedURL = urlComponents. url ?? url

guard let deepLink = urlHandler.knownExternalDeepLink(url: processedURL) else {
// show Alert
return
}

if let originAwareDeepLink = deepLink as? DeepLinkOriginAware {
originAwareDeepLink. shouldTriggerProfileSelector = configuration.shouldTriggerProfileSelector
}
tracker.trackElements([ElementOnPage(type: "external deep link" ,
content: "deeplink",
action: Analytics.tappedAction,
position: "")],
page: Analytics.page)
urlHandler.open(applicationUrl: deepLink)
}
OBJECT
URL
Components
Query
Query Parameter
Host
Deep Link
Path
Specific Deep Link

39. func open(url: URL) {
guard var urlComponents = URLComponents(url: url, resolvingAgainstBaseURL : true) else {
return
}
if var queryItems = urlComponents. queryItems,
let marketingID = queryItems. first(where: { $0.name == tracker.marketingIDParamName }) {
tracker.marketingID = marketingID.value
queryItems = queryItems. filter { $0.name != tracker.marketingIDParamName }
}
urlComponents. queryItems = queryItems.isEmpty ? nil : queryItems

if let host = urlComponents. host, configuration.allowedHosts.contains(host) {
var path = urlComponents. path
pathsToReplace.forEach {
path = path. replacingOccurrences (of: $0.initialPath, with: $0.replacementPath)
}
urlComponents. path = path
}
let processedURL = urlComponents. url ?? url

guard let deepLink = urlHandler.knownExternalDeepLink(url: processedURL) else {
// show Alert
return
}

if let originAwareDeepLink = deepLink as? DeepLinkOriginAware {
originAwareDeepLink. shouldTriggerProfileSelector = configuration.shouldTriggerProfileSelector
}
tracker.trackElements([ElementOnPage(type: "external deep link" ,
content: "deeplink",
action: Analytics.tappedAction,
position: "")],
page: Analytics.page)
urlHandler.open(applicationUrl: deepLink)
}
OBJECT
URL
Components
Query
Query Parameter
Host
Deep Link
Path
Specific Deep Link

40. func open(url: URL) {
guard var urlComponents = URLComponents(url: url, resolvingAgainstBaseURL : true) else {
return
}
if var queryItems = urlComponents. queryItems,
let marketingID = queryItems. first(where: { $0.name == tracker.marketingIDParamName }) {
tracker.marketingID = marketingID.value
queryItems = queryItems. filter { $0.name != tracker.marketingIDParamName }
}
urlComponents. queryItems = queryItems.isEmpty ? nil : queryItems

if let host = urlComponents. host, configuration.allowedHosts.contains(host) {
var path = urlComponents. path
pathsToReplace.forEach {
path = path. replacingOccurrences (of: $0.initialPath, with: $0.replacementPath)
}
urlComponents. path = path
}
let processedURL = urlComponents. url ?? url

guard let deepLink = urlHandler.knownExternalDeepLink(url: processedURL) else {
// show Alert
return
}

if let originAwareDeepLink = deepLink as? DeepLinkOriginAware {
originAwareDeepLink. shouldTriggerProfileSelector = configuration.shouldTriggerProfileSelector
}
tracker.trackElements([ElementOnPage(type: "external deep link" ,
content: "deeplink",
action: Analytics.tappedAction,
position: "")],
page: Analytics.page)
urlHandler.open(applicationUrl: deepLink)
}
OBJECT
URL
Components
Query
Query Parameter
Host
Deep Link
Path
Specific Deep Link

41. func open(url: URL) {
guard var urlComponents = URLComponents(url: url, resolvingAgainstBaseURL : true) else {
return
}
if var queryItems = urlComponents. queryItems,
let marketingID = queryItems. first(where: { $0.name == tracker.marketingIDParamName }) {
tracker.marketingID = marketingID.value
queryItems = queryItems. filter { $0.name != tracker.marketingIDParamName }
}
urlComponents. queryItems = queryItems.isEmpty ? nil : queryItems

if let host = urlComponents. host, configuration.allowedHosts.contains(host) {
var path = urlComponents. path
pathsToReplace.forEach {
path = path. replacingOccurrences (of: $0.initialPath, with: $0.replacementPath)
}
urlComponents. path = path
}
let processedURL = urlComponents. url ?? url

guard let deepLink = urlHandler.knownExternalDeepLink(url: processedURL) else {
// show Alert
return
}

if let originAwareDeepLink = deepLink as? DeepLinkOriginAware {
originAwareDeepLink. shouldTriggerProfileSelector = configuration.shouldTriggerProfileSelector
}
tracker.trackElements([ElementOnPage(type: "external deep link" ,
content: "deeplink",
action: Analytics.tappedAction,
position: "")],
page: Analytics.page)
urlHandler.open(applicationUrl: deepLink)
}
OBJECT
URL
Components
Query
Query Parameter
Host
Deep Link
Path
Specific Deep Link

42. func open(url: URL) {
guard var urlComponents = URLComponents(url: url, resolvingAgainstBaseURL : true) else {
return
}
if var queryItems = urlComponents. queryItems,
let marketingID = queryItems. first(where: { $0.name == tracker.marketingIDParamName }) {
tracker.marketingID = marketingID.value
queryItems = queryItems. filter { $0.name != tracker.marketingIDParamName }
}
urlComponents. queryItems = queryItems.isEmpty ? nil : queryItems

if let host = urlComponents. host, configuration.allowedHosts.contains(host) {
var path = urlComponents. path
pathsToReplace.forEach {
path = path. replacingOccurrences (of: $0.initialPath, with: $0.replacementPath)
}
urlComponents. path = path
}
let processedURL = urlComponents. url ?? url

guard let deepLink = urlHandler.knownExternalDeepLink(url: processedURL) else {
// show Alert
return
}

if let originAwareDeepLink = deepLink as? DeepLinkOriginAware {
originAwareDeepLink. shouldTriggerProfileSelector = configuration.shouldTriggerProfileSelector
}
tracker.trackElements([ElementOnPage(type: "external deep link" ,
content: "deeplink",
action: Analytics.tappedAction,
position: "")],
page: Analytics.page)
urlHandler.open(applicationUrl: deepLink)
}
OBJECT
URL
Components
Query
Query Parameter
Host
Deep Link
Path
Specific Deep Link

43. func open(url: URL) {
guard var urlComponents = URLComponents(url: url, resolvingAgainstBaseURL : true) else {
return
}
if var queryItems = urlComponents. queryItems,
let marketingID = queryItems. first(where: { $0.name == tracker.marketingIDParamName }) {
tracker.marketingID = marketingID.value
queryItems = queryItems. filter { $0.name != tracker.marketingIDParamName }
}
urlComponents. queryItems = queryItems.isEmpty ? nil : queryItems

if let host = urlComponents. host, configuration.allowedHosts.contains(host) {
var path = urlComponents. path
pathsToReplace.forEach {
path = path. replacingOccurrences (of: $0.initialPath, with: $0.replacementPath)
}
urlComponents. path = path
}
let processedURL = urlComponents. url ?? url

guard let deepLink = urlHandler.knownExternalDeepLink(url: processedURL) else {
// show Alert
return
}

if let originAwareDeepLink = deepLink as? DeepLinkOriginAware {
originAwareDeepLink. shouldTriggerProfileSelector = configuration.shouldTriggerProfileSelector
}
tracker.trackElements([ElementOnPage(type: "external deep link" ,
content: "deeplink",
action: Analytics.tappedAction,
position: "")],
page: Analytics.page)
urlHandler.open(applicationUrl: deepLink)
}
OBJECT
URL
Components
Query
Query Parameter
Host
Deep Link
Path
Specific Deep Link

44. func open(url: URL) {
guard var urlComponents = URLComponents(url: url, resolvingAgainstBaseURL : true) else {
return
}
if var queryItems = urlComponents. queryItems,
let marketingID = queryItems. first(where: { $0.name == tracker.marketingIDParamName }) {
tracker.marketingID = marketingID.value
queryItems = queryItems. filter { $0.name != tracker.marketingIDParamName }
}
urlComponents. queryItems = queryItems.isEmpty ? nil : queryItems

if let host = urlComponents. host, configuration.allowedHosts.contains(host) {
var path = urlComponents. path
pathsToReplace.forEach {
path = path. replacingOccurrences (of: $0.initialPath, with: $0.replacementPath)
}
urlComponents. path = path
}
let processedURL = urlComponents. url ?? url

guard let deepLink = urlHandler.knownExternalDeepLink(url: processedURL) else {
// show Alert
return
}

if let originAwareDeepLink = deepLink as? DeepLinkOriginAware {
originAwareDeepLink. shouldTriggerProfileSelector = configuration.shouldTriggerProfileSelector
}
tracker.trackElements([ElementOnPage(type: "external deep link" ,
content: "deeplink",
action: Analytics.tappedAction,
position: "")],
page: Analytics.page)
urlHandler.open(applicationUrl: deepLink)
}
OBJECT
URL
Components
Query
Query Parameter
Host
Deep Link
Path
Specific Deep Link

45. func open(url: URL) {
guard var urlComponents = URLComponents(url: url, resolvingAgainstBaseURL : true) else {
return
}
if var queryItems = urlComponents. queryItems,
let marketingID = queryItems. first(where: { $0.name == tracker.marketingIDParamName }) {
tracker.marketingID = marketingID.value
queryItems = queryItems. filter { $0.name != tracker.marketingIDParamName }
}
urlComponents. queryItems = queryItems.isEmpty ? nil : queryItems

if let host = urlComponents. host, configuration.allowedHosts.contains(host) {
var path = urlComponents. path
pathsToReplace.forEach {
path = path. replacingOccurrences (of: $0.initialPath, with: $0.replacementPath)
}
urlComponents. path = path
}
let processedURL = urlComponents. url ?? url

guard let deepLink = urlHandler.knownExternalDeepLink(url: processedURL) else {
// show Alert
return
}

if let originAwareDeepLink = deepLink as? DeepLinkOriginAware {
originAwareDeepLink. shouldTriggerProfileSelector = configuration.shouldTriggerProfileSelector
}
tracker.trackElements([ElementOnPage(type: "external deep link" ,
content: "deeplink",
action: Analytics.tappedAction,
position: "")],
page: Analytics.page)
urlHandler.open(applicationUrl: deepLink)
}
OBJECT
URL
Components
Query
Query Parameter
Host
Deep Link
Path
Specific Deep Link

46. func open(url: URL) {
guard var urlComponents = URLComponents(url: url, resolvingAgainstBaseURL : true) else {
return
}
if var queryItems = urlComponents. queryItems,
let marketingID = queryItems. first(where: { $0.name == tracker.marketingIDParamName }) {
tracker.marketingID = marketingID.value
queryItems = queryItems. filter { $0.name != tracker.marketingIDParamName }
}
urlComponents. queryItems = queryItems.isEmpty ? nil : queryItems

if let host = urlComponents. host, configuration.allowedHosts.contains(host) {
var path = urlComponents. path
pathsToReplace.forEach {
path = path. replacingOccurrences (of: $0.initialPath, with: $0.replacementPath)
}
urlComponents. path = path
}
let processedURL = urlComponents. url ?? url

guard let deepLink = urlHandler.knownExternalDeepLink(url: processedURL) else {
// show Alert
return
}

if let originAwareDeepLink = deepLink as? DeepLinkOriginAware {
originAwareDeepLink. shouldTriggerProfileSelector = configuration.shouldTriggerProfileSelector
}
tracker.trackElements([ElementOnPage(type: "external deep link" ,
content: "deeplink",
action: Analytics.tappedAction,
position: "")],
page: Analytics.page)
urlHandler.open(applicationUrl: deepLink)
}
OBJECT
URL
Components
Query
Query Parameter
Host
Deep Link
Path
Specific Deep Link

47. func open(url: URL) {
guard var urlComponents = URLComponents(url: url, resolvingAgainstBaseURL : true) else {
return
}
if var queryItems = urlComponents. queryItems,
let marketingID = queryItems. first(where: { $0.name == tracker.marketingIDParamName }) {
tracker.marketingID = marketingID.value
queryItems = queryItems. filter { $0.name != tracker.marketingIDParamName }
}
urlComponents. queryItems = queryItems.isEmpty ? nil : queryItems

if let host = urlComponents. host, configuration.allowedHosts.contains(host) {
var path = urlComponents. path
pathsToReplace.forEach {
path = path. replacingOccurrences (of: $0.initialPath, with: $0.replacementPath)
}
urlComponents. path = path
}
let processedURL = urlComponents. url ?? url

guard let deepLink = urlHandler.knownExternalDeepLink(url: processedURL) else {
// show Alert
return
}

if let originAwareDeepLink = deepLink as? DeepLinkOriginAware {
originAwareDeepLink. shouldTriggerProfileSelector = configuration.shouldTriggerProfileSelector
}
tracker.trackElements([ElementOnPage(type: "external deep link" ,
content: "deeplink",
action: Analytics.tappedAction,
position: "")],
page: Analytics.page)
urlHandler.open(applicationUrl: deepLink)
}
OBJECT
URL
Components
Query
Query Parameter
Host
Deep Link
Path
Specific Deep Link

48. func open(url: URL) {
guard var urlComponents = URLComponents(url: url, resolvingAgainstBaseURL : true) else {
return
}
if var queryItems = urlComponents. queryItems,
let marketingID = queryItems. first(where: { $0.name == tracker.marketingIDParamName }) {
tracker.marketingID = marketingID.value
queryItems = queryItems. filter { $0.name != tracker.marketingIDParamName }
}
urlComponents. queryItems = queryItems.isEmpty ? nil : queryItems

if let host = urlComponents. host, configuration.allowedHosts.contains(host) {
var path = urlComponents. path
pathsToReplace.forEach {
path = path. replacingOccurrences (of: $0.initialPath, with: $0.replacementPath)
}
urlComponents. path = path
}
let processedURL = urlComponents. url ?? url

guard let deepLink = urlHandler.knownExternalDeepLink(url: processedURL) else {
// show Alert
return
}

if let originAwareDeepLink = deepLink as? DeepLinkOriginAware {
originAwareDeepLink. shouldTriggerProfileSelector = configuration.shouldTriggerProfileSelector
}
tracker.trackElements([ElementOnPage(type: "external deep link" ,
content: "deeplink",
action: Analytics.tappedAction,
position: "")],
page: Analytics.page)
urlHandler.open(applicationUrl: deepLink)
}
OBJECT
URL
Components
Query
Query Parameter
Host
Deep Link
Path
Specific Deep Link

49. func open(url: URL) {
guard var urlComponents = URLComponents(url: url, resolvingAgainstBaseURL : true) else {
return
}
if var queryItems = urlComponents. queryItems,
let marketingID = queryItems. first(where: { $0.name == tracker.marketingIDParamName }) {
tracker.marketingID = marketingID.value
queryItems = queryItems. filter { $0.name != tracker.marketingIDParamName }
}
urlComponents. queryItems = queryItems.isEmpty ? nil : queryItems

if let host = urlComponents. host, configuration.allowedHosts.contains(host) {
var path = urlComponents. path
pathsToReplace.forEach {
path = path. replacingOccurrences (of: $0.initialPath, with: $0.replacementPath)
}
urlComponents. path = path
}
let processedURL = urlComponents. url ?? url

guard let deepLink = urlHandler.knownExternalDeepLink(url: processedURL) else {
// show Alert
return
}

if let originAwareDeepLink = deepLink as? DeepLinkOriginAware {
originAwareDeepLink. shouldTriggerProfileSelector = configuration.shouldTriggerProfileSelector
}
tracker.trackElements([ElementOnPage(type: "external deep link" ,
content: "deeplink",
action: Analytics.tappedAction,
position: "")],
page: Analytics.page)
urlHandler.open(applicationUrl: deepLink)
}
OBJECT
URL
Components
Query
Query Parameter
Host
Deep Link
Path
Specific Deep Link

50. func open(url: URL) {
guard var urlComponents = URLComponents(url: url, resolvingAgainstBaseURL : true) else {
return
}
if var queryItems = urlComponents. queryItems,
let marketingID = queryItems. first(where: { $0.name == tracker.marketingIDParamName }) {
tracker.marketingID = marketingID.value
queryItems = queryItems. filter { $0.name != tracker.marketingIDParamName }
}
urlComponents. queryItems = queryItems.isEmpty ? nil : queryItems

if let host = urlComponents. host, configuration.allowedHosts.contains(host) {
var path = urlComponents. path
pathsToReplace.forEach {
path = path. replacingOccurrences (of: $0.initialPath, with: $0.replacementPath)
}
urlComponents. path = path
}
let processedURL = urlComponents. url ?? url

guard let deepLink = urlHandler.knownExternalDeepLink(url: processedURL) else {
// show Alert
return
}

if let originAwareDeepLink = deepLink as? DeepLinkOriginAware {
originAwareDeepLink. shouldTriggerProfileSelector = configuration.shouldTriggerProfileSelector
}
tracker.trackElements([ElementOnPage(type: "external deep link" ,
content: "deeplink",
action: Analytics.tappedAction,
position: "")],
page: Analytics.page)
urlHandler.open(applicationUrl: deepLink)
}
OBJECT
URL
Components
Query
Query Parameter
Host
Deep Link
Path
Specific Deep Link

51. func open(url: URL) {
guard var urlComponents = URLComponents(url: url, resolvingAgainstBaseURL : true) else {
return
}
if var queryItems = urlComponents. queryItems,
let marketingID = queryItems. first(where: { $0.name == tracker.marketingIDParamName }) {
tracker.marketingID = marketingID.value
queryItems = queryItems. filter { $0.name != tracker.marketingIDParamName }
}
urlComponents. queryItems = queryItems.isEmpty ? nil : queryItems

if let host = urlComponents. host, configuration.allowedHosts.contains(host) {
var path = urlComponents. path
pathsToReplace.forEach {
path = path. replacingOccurrences (of: $0.initialPath, with: $0.replacementPath)
}
urlComponents. path = path
}
let processedURL = urlComponents. url ?? url

guard let deepLink = urlHandler.knownExternalDeepLink(url: processedURL) else {
// show Alert
return
}

if let originAwareDeepLink = deepLink as? DeepLinkOriginAware {
originAwareDeepLink. shouldTriggerProfileSelector = configuration.shouldTriggerProfileSelector
}
tracker.trackElements([ElementOnPage(type: "external deep link" ,
content: "deeplink",
action: Analytics.tappedAction,
position: "")],
page: Analytics.page)
urlHandler.open(applicationUrl: deepLink)
}
URL
Components
Query
Query Parameter
Host
Deep Link
Path
OBJECT
Specific Deep Link

52. func open(url: URL) {
guard var urlComponents = URLComponents(url: url, resolvingAgainstBaseURL : true) else {
return
}
if var queryItems = urlComponents. queryItems,
let marketingID = queryItems. first(where: { $0.name == tracker.marketingIDParamName }) {
tracker.marketingID = marketingID.value
queryItems = queryItems. filter { $0.name != tracker.marketingIDParamName }
}
urlComponents. queryItems = queryItems.isEmpty ? nil : queryItems

if let host = urlComponents. host, configuration.allowedHosts.contains(host) {
var path = urlComponents. path
pathsToReplace.forEach {
path = path. replacingOccurrences (of: $0.initialPath, with: $0.replacementPath)
}
urlComponents. path = path
}
let processedURL = urlComponents. url ?? url

guard let deepLink = urlHandler.knownExternalDeepLink(url: processedURL) else {
// show Alert
return
}

if let originAwareDeepLink = deepLink as? DeepLinkOriginAware {
originAwareDeepLink. shouldTriggerProfileSelector = configuration.shouldTriggerProfileSelector
}
tracker.trackElements([ElementOnPage(type: "external deep link" ,
content: "deeplink",
action: Analytics.tappedAction,
position: "")],
page: Analytics.page)
urlHandler.open(applicationUrl: deepLink)
}
OBJECT
URL
Components
Query
Query Parameter
Host
Deep Link
Path
Specific Deep Link

53. func open(url: URL) {
guard var urlComponents = URLComponents(url: url, resolvingAgainstBaseURL : true) else {
return
}
if var queryItems = urlComponents. queryItems,
let marketingID = queryItems. first(where: { $0.name == tracker.marketingIDParamName }) {
tracker.marketingID = marketingID.value
queryItems = queryItems. filter { $0.name != tracker.marketingIDParamName }
}
urlComponents. queryItems = queryItems.isEmpty ? nil : queryItems

if let host = urlComponents. host, configuration.allowedHosts.contains(host) {
var path = urlComponents. path
pathsToReplace.forEach {
path = path. replacingOccurrences (of: $0.initialPath, with: $0.replacementPath)
}
urlComponents. path = path
}
let processedURL = urlComponents. url ?? url

guard let deepLink = urlHandler.knownExternalDeepLink(url: processedURL) else {
// show Alert
return
}

if let originAwareDeepLink = deepLink as? DeepLinkOriginAware {
originAwareDeepLink. shouldTriggerProfileSelector = configuration.shouldTriggerProfileSelector
}
tracker.trackElements([ElementOnPage(type: "external deep link" ,
content: "deeplink",
action: Analytics.tappedAction,
position: "")],
page: Analytics.page)
urlHandler.open(applicationUrl: deepLink)
}
OBJECT
URL
Components
Query
Query Parameter
Host
Deep Link
Path
Specific Deep Link

54. func open(url: URL) {
guard var urlComponents = URLComponents(url: url, resolvingAgainstBaseURL : true) else {
return
}
if var queryItems = urlComponents. queryItems,
let marketingID = queryItems. first(where: { $0.name == tracker.marketingIDParamName }) {
tracker.marketingID = marketingID.value
queryItems = queryItems. filter { $0.name != tracker.marketingIDParamName }
}
urlComponents. queryItems = queryItems.isEmpty ? nil : queryItems

if let host = urlComponents. host, configuration.allowedHosts.contains(host) {
var path = urlComponents. path
pathsToReplace.forEach {
path = path. replacingOccurrences (of: $0.initialPath, with: $0.replacementPath)
}
urlComponents. path = path
}
let processedURL = urlComponents. url ?? url

guard let deepLink = urlHandler.knownExternalDeepLink(url: processedURL) else {
// show Alert
return
}

if let originAwareDeepLink = deepLink as? DeepLinkOriginAware {
originAwareDeepLink. shouldTriggerProfileSelector = configuration.shouldTriggerProfileSelector
}
tracker.trackElements([ElementOnPage(type: "external deep link" ,
content: "deeplink",
action: Analytics.tappedAction,
position: "")],
page: Analytics.page)
urlHandler.open(applicationUrl: deepLink)
}
OBJECT
URL
Components
Query
Query Parameter
Host
Deep Link
Path
Specific Deep Link

55. URL DeepLink
openURL()
Components
Host Path Query
Query Parameter
Specific Deep Link
OBJECT HIERARCHY

56. func open(url: URL) {
guard var urlComponents = URLComponents(url: url, resolvingAgainstBaseURL : true) else {
return
}
if var queryItems = urlComponents. queryItems,
let marketingID = queryItems. first(where: { $0.name == tracker.marketingIDParamName }) {
tracker.marketingID = marketingID.value
queryItems = queryItems. filter { $0.name != tracker.marketingIDParamName }
}
urlComponents. queryItems = queryItems.isEmpty ? nil : queryItems

if let host = urlComponents. host, configuration.allowedHosts.contains(host) {
var path = urlComponents. path
pathsToReplace.forEach {
path = path. replacingOccurrences (of: $0.initialPath, with: $0.replacementPath)
}
urlComponents. path = path
}
let processedURL = urlComponents. url ?? url

guard let deepLink = urlHandler.knownExternalDeepLink(url: processedURL) else {
// show Alert
return
}

if let originAwareDeepLink = deepLink as? DeepLinkOriginAware {
originAwareDeepLink. shouldTriggerProfileSelector = configuration.shouldTriggerProfileSelector
}
tracker.trackElements([ElementOnPage(type: "external deep link" ,
content: "deeplink",
action: Analytics.tappedAction,
position: "")],
page: Analytics.page)
urlHandler.open(applicationUrl: deepLink)
}
OBJECT
URL
Components
Query
Query Parameter
Host
Deep Link
Path
Specific Deep Link

57. func open(url: URL) {
guard var urlComponents = URLComponents(url: url, resolvingAgainstBaseURL : true) else {
return
}
if var queryItems = urlComponents. queryItems,
let marketingID = queryItems. first(where: { $0.name == tracker.marketingIDParamName }) {
tracker.marketingID = marketingID.value
queryItems = queryItems. filter { $0.name != tracker.marketingIDParamName }
}
urlComponents. queryItems = queryItems.isEmpty ? nil : queryItems

if let host = urlComponents. host, configuration.allowedHosts.contains(host) {
var path = urlComponents. path
pathsToReplace.forEach {
path = path. replacingOccurrences (of: $0.initialPath, with: $0.replacementPath)
}
urlComponents. path = path
}
let processedURL = urlComponents. url ?? url

guard let deepLink = urlHandler.knownExternalDeepLink(url: processedURL) else {
// show Alert
return
}

if let originAwareDeepLink = deepLink as? DeepLinkOriginAware {
originAwareDeepLink. shouldTriggerProfileSelector = configuration.shouldTriggerProfileSelector
}
tracker.trackElements([ElementOnPage(type: "external deep link" ,
content: "deeplink",
action: Analytics.tappedAction,
position: "")],
page: Analytics.page)
urlHandler.open(applicationUrl: deepLink)
}
OBJECT
URL
Components
Query
Query Parameter
Host
Deep Link
Path
Specific Deep Link

58. func open(url: URL) {
let processedURL = preprocessedURL(url: url)
guard let deepLink = urlHandler.knownExternalDeepLink(url: processedURL) else {
// show Alert
return
}

if let originAwareDeepLink = deepLink as? DeepLinkOriginAware {
originAwareDeepLink. shouldTriggerProfileSelector = configuration.shouldTriggerProfileSelector
}
tracker.trackElements([ElementOnPage(type: "external deep link" ,
content: "deeplink",
action: Analytics.tappedAction,
position: "")],
page: Analytics.page)
urlHandler.open(applicationUrl: deepLink)
}
OBJECT
URL
Components
Query
Query Parameter
Host
Deep Link
Path
Specific Deep Link

59. func preprocessedURL(url: URL) -> URL {
guard var urlComponents = URLComponents(url: url, resolvingAgainstBaseURL : true) else {
return url
}
if var queryItems = urlComponents. queryItems,
let marketingID = queryItems. first(where: { $0.name == tracker.marketingIDParamName }) {
tracker.marketingID = marketingID.value
queryItems = queryItems. filter { $0.name != tracker.marketingIDParamName }
}
urlComponents. queryItems = queryItems.isEmpty ? nil : queryItems

if let host = urlComponents. host,
configuration.allowedHosts.contains(host) {
var path = urlComponents. path
pathsToReplace.forEach {
path = path. replacingOccurrences (of: $0.initialPath, with: $0.replacementPath)
}
urlComponents. path = path
}

return urlComponents.url ?? url
}

60. func preprocessedURL(url: URL) -> URL {
guard var urlComponents = URLComponents(url: url, resolvingAgainstBaseURL : true) else {
return url
}
if var queryItems = urlComponents. queryItems,
let marketingID = queryItems. first(where: { $0.name == tracker.marketingIDParamName }) {
tracker.marketingID = marketingID.value
queryItems = queryItems. filter { $0.name != tracker.marketingIDParamName }
}
urlComponents. queryItems = queryItems.isEmpty ? nil : queryItems

if let host = urlComponents. host,
configuration.allowedHosts.contains(host) {
var path = urlComponents. path
pathsToReplace.forEach {
path = path. replacingOccurrences (of: $0.initialPath, with: $0.replacementPath)
}
urlComponents. path = path
}

return urlComponents.url ?? url
}

61. func preprocessedURL(url: URL) -> URL {
guard var urlComponents = URLComponents(url: url, resolvingAgainstBaseURL : true) else {
return url
}
if var queryItems = urlComponents. queryItems,
let marketingID = queryItems. first(where: { $0.name == tracker.marketingIDParamName }) {
tracker.marketingID = marketingID.value
queryItems = queryItems. filter { $0.name != tracker.marketingIDParamName }
}
urlComponents. queryItems = queryItems.isEmpty ? nil : queryItems

if let host = urlComponents. host,
configuration.allowedHosts.contains(host) {
var path = urlComponents. path
pathsToReplace.forEach {
path = path. replacingOccurrences (of: $0.initialPath, with: $0.replacementPath)
}
urlComponents. path = path
}

return urlComponents.url ?? url
}

62. func open(url: URL) {
let processedURL = preprocessedURL(url: url)
guard let deepLink = urlHandler.knownExternalDeepLink(url: processedURL) else {
// show Alert
return
}

if let originAwareDeepLink = deepLink as? DeepLinkOriginAware {
originAwareDeepLink. shouldTriggerProfileSelector = configuration.shouldTriggerProfileSelector
}
tracker.trackElements([ElementOnPage(type: "external deep link" ,
content: "deeplink",
action: Analytics.tappedAction,
position: "")],
page: Analytics.page)
urlHandler.open(applicationUrl: deepLink)
}

63. func open(url: URL) {
let processedURL = preprocessedURL(url: url)
guard let deepLink = urlHandler.knownExternalDeepLink(url: processedURL) else {
// show Alert
return
}

if let originAwareDeepLink = deepLink as? DeepLinkOriginAware {
originAwareDeepLink. shouldTriggerProfileSelector = configuration.shouldTriggerProfileSelector
}
tracker.trackElements([ElementOnPage(type: "external deep link" ,
content: "deeplink",
action: Analytics.tappedAction,
position: "")],
page: Analytics.page)
urlHandler.open(applicationUrl: deepLink)
}

64. func open(url: URL) {
let processedURL = preprocessedURL(url: url)

guard let deepLink = urlHandler.knownExternalDeepLink(url: processedURL) else {
// show Alert
return
}

processOriginAwareDeepLink (deepLink: deepLink)
tracker.trackElements([ElementOnPage(type: "external deep link" ,
content: "deeplink",
action: Analytics.tappedAction,
position: "")],
page: Analytics.page)
urlHandler.open(applicationUrl: deepLink)
}

func processOriginAwareDeepLink (deepLink: DeepLink) {
if let originAwareDeepLink = deepLink as? DeepLinkOriginAware {
originAwareDeepLink. shouldTriggerProfileSelector = configuration.shouldTriggerProfileSelector
}
}

65. func open(url: URL) {
let processedURL = preprocessedURL(url: url)

guard var deepLink = urlHandler.knownExternalDeepLink(url: processedURL) else {
// show Alert
return
}

deepLink = processedOriginAwareDeepLink (deepLink: deepLink)
tracker.trackElements([ElementOnPage(type: "external deep link" ,
content: "deeplink",
action: Analytics.tappedAction,
position: "")],
page: Analytics.page)
urlHandler.open(applicationUrl: deepLink)
}

func processedOriginAwareDeepLink (deepLink: DeepLink) -> DeepLink {
if let originAwareDeepLink = deepLink as? DeepLinkOriginAware {
originAwareDeepLink. shouldTriggerProfileSelector = configuration.shouldTriggerProfileSelector
return originAwareDeepLink
}
return deepLink
}

66. func open(url: URL) {
let processedURL = preprocessedURL(url: url)
guard let deepLink = urlHandler.knownExternalDeepLink(url: processedURL) else {
// show Alert
return
}

if let originAwareDeepLink = deepLink as? DeepLinkOriginAware {
originAwareDeepLink. shouldTriggerProfileSelector = configuration.shouldTriggerProfileSelector
}
tracker.trackElements([ElementOnPage(type: "external deep link" ,
content: "deeplink",
action: Analytics.tappedAction,
position: "")],
page: Analytics.page)
urlHandler.open(applicationUrl: deepLink)
}

67. func open(url: URL) {
let processedURL = preprocessedURL(url: url)
guard let deepLink = urlHandler.knownExternalDeepLink(url: processedURL) else {
// show Alert
return
}

if let originAwareDeepLink = deepLink as? DeepLinkOriginAware {
originAwareDeepLink. shouldTriggerProfileSelector = configuration.shouldTriggerProfileSelector
}
tracker.trackElements([ElementOnPage(type: "external deep link" ,
content: "deeplink",
action: Analytics.tappedAction,
position: "")],
page: Analytics.page)
urlHandler.open(applicationUrl: deepLink)
}

68. func open(url: URL) {
let processedURL = preprocessedURL(url: url)
guard let deepLink = urlHandler.knownExternalDeepLink(url: processedURL) else {
// show Alert
return
}

if let originAwareDeepLink = deepLink as? DeepLinkOriginAware {
originAwareDeepLink. shouldTriggerProfileSelector = configuration.shouldTriggerProfileSelector
}
tracker.trackElements([ElementOnPage(type: "external deep link" ,
content: "deeplink",
action: Analytics.tappedAction,
position: "")],
page: Analytics.page)
urlHandler.open(applicationUrl: deepLink)
}

69. func open(url: URL) {
let processedURL = preprocessedURL(url: url)

guard var deepLink = urlHandler.knownExternalDeepLink(url: processedURL) else {
// show Alert
return
}

if let originAwareDeepLink = deepLink as? DeepLinkOriginAware {
originAwareDeepLink. shouldTriggerProfileSelector = configuration.shouldTriggerProfileSelector
}
openDeepLink(deepLink: deepLink)
}

func openDeepLink(deepLink: DeepLink) {
tracker.trackElements([ElementOnPage(type: "external deep link" ,
content: "deeplink",
action: Analytics.tappedAction,
position: "")],
page: Analytics.page)
urlHandler.open(applicationUrl: deepLink)
}

70. func open(url: URL) {
let processedURL = preprocessedURL(url: url)

guard var deepLink = urlHandler.knownExternalDeepLink(url: processedURL) else {
// show Alert
return
}

if let originAwareDeepLink = deepLink as? DeepLinkOriginAware {
originAwareDeepLink. shouldTriggerProfileSelector = configuration.shouldTriggerProfileSelector
}
openDeepLink(deepLink: deepLink)
}

71. URL DeepLink
openURL()
Components
Host Path Query
Query Parameter
Specific Deep Link
OBJECT HIERARCHY

72. -Do you mostly need to keep parts
together in mind?
-Are the parts normally used together?
-Is it hard to understand one without
another
-Do they have shared state
(dependency, data model, backend)
-Do they have a common object of
manipulation
-Do they perform different operations?
-Do they have a different level of
detailization?
-Do they have semantical separation
(general - special)?
TOGETHER SEPARATE(IF YES) (IF YES)

73. -Do you mostly need to keep parts
together in mind?
-Are the parts normally used together?
-Is it hard to understand one without
another
-Do they have shared state
(dependency, data model, backend)
-Do they have a common object of
manipulation
-Do they perform different operations?
-Do they have a different level of
detailization?
-Do they have semantical separation
(general - special)?
COHESION COUPLING
how closely related and focused responsibilities of an item are how tight are the connections between the independent items

74. Specific decisions in codeLogic/code distribution
Problem-solution discrepancyWrong abstraction level
Architectural approach Human nature
Product evolution AI-generated code
Complexity
What brings it?
How to deal with it?

75. Specific decisions in codeLogic/code distribution
Problem-solution discrepancyWrong abstraction level
Architectural approach Human nature
Product evolution AI-generated code
Complexity
What brings it?
How to deal with it?

76. PROBLEM-SOLUTION DISCREPANCY
▸Not optimal or typical
solution
▸Outdated solution (the
problem evolved)
▸Typical solution for
atypical problem

77. PROBLEM-SOLUTION DISCREPANCY
▸Inconsistency → Extra
cognitive load
▸Workarounds to align

78. Specific decisions in codeLogic/code distribution
Problem-solution discrepancyWrong abstraction level
Architectural approach Human nature
Product evolution AI-generated code
Complexity
What brings it?
How to deal with it?

79. Specific decisions in codeLogic/code distribution
Problem-solution discrepancyWrong abstraction level
Architectural approach Human nature
Product evolution AI-generated code
Complexity
What brings it?
How to deal with it?

80. OUR WORLD IS COMPLEX - SO WE MODEL IT

81. OUR WORLD IS COMPLEX - SO WE MODEL IT
“All models are wrong, but some are useful”
George Box
British statistician

82. CAR SIMULATOR
▸Car as a moving point
▸Car as a moving point (start/end, acceleration/deceleration)
▸Car as a 2D-model (2D-size)
▸Car as a 3D-model (3D-size)
▸Car as a (very complex) 3D-model (engine, brakes, tires,…)

83. PICKING PROPER ABSTRACTION LEVEL
Not enough
Details
Too much
Details
Your ideal
abstraction level
Not performing
correctly
Redundant
Added
Complexity

84. Specific decisions in codeLogic/code distribution
Problem-solution discrepancyWrong abstraction level
Architectural approach Human nature
Product evolution AI-generated code
Complexity
What brings it?
How to deal with it?

85. Specific decisions in codeLogic/code distribution
Problem-solution discrepancyWrong abstraction level
Architectural approach Human nature
Product evolution AI-generated code
Complexity
What brings it?
How to deal with it?

86. MVC
ARCHITECTURE
MVP
MVVM
Clean Architecture
VIP
RIBs

87. ARCHITECTURE
Presentation layer
Business layer
Data layer

88. ARCHITECTURE
Modularisation
Scalability
Testability
Dependency
injection Separation
of concerns
Single
responsibility

89. PRINCIPLES RELATED TO SIMPLICITY
▸KISS - Keep it simple, stupid
▸YAGNI - You ain't gonna  need it
▸DRY - Don't repeat yourself
▸SRP - Single responsibility principle (part of SOLID)
▸The Unix Philosophy
▸Idea of microservices

90. AGILE WORK PROCESS
Requirements
Design
Implementation
Testing
Launch

91. ARCHITECTURAL MISALIGNMENT

92. AGILE ARCHITECTURE
Evolutionary architecture
Fluid architecture
Design for change
Plug-in architecture
Software should be designed to
evolve over time as business
priorities change, customer
demands shift, and new
technologies emerge

93. Specific decisions in codeLogic/code distribution
Problem-solution discrepancyWrong abstraction level
Architectural approach Human nature
Product evolution AI-generated code
Complexity
What brings it?
How to deal with it?

94. Specific decisions in codeLogic/code distribution
Problem-solution discrepancyWrong abstraction level
Architectural approach Human nature
Product evolution AI-generated code
Complexity
What brings it?
How to deal with it?

95. COGNITIVE BIASES
- mental shortcuts that trick our brain into thinking
things are true, even when they’re not

96. COGNITIVE BIASES IN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
▸Complexity bias - discarding the simple solutions
▸Foreseeing the future (over engineering, premature optimisations)
▸Conformism (following trends, Cargo-cults)
▸Anchoring Bias - fixating on one solution, sometimes subconsciously)
▸Confirmation Bias - picking the information based on the existing beliefs
▸Sunk Cost Fallacy - sticking to a solution because of the previous investments
▸Pattern recognition

98. CONTEXT-SOLUTION MISALIGNMENT

99. “Developers are drawn to complexity like moths to a flame, often
with the same outcome”
Neal Ford
author, director @ThoughtWorks
DEVELOPERS LIKE COMPLEXITY

100. DEVELOPERS LIKE COMPLEXITY
▸Simple solutions are boring

101. GOD SYNDROME

102. DEVELOPERS LIKE COMPLEXITY
▸Simple solutions are boring
▸God syndrome
▸Social reinforcement of complexity

103. REINVENTING THE WHEEL

104. DEVELOPERS LIKE COMPLEXITY
▸Simple solutions are boring
▸God syndrome
▸Social reinforcement of complexity
▸Love to reinventing the wheel
▸CV-driven development

105. (OVERCOMING) HUMAN NATURE
▸Self-reflect, realise, admit
▸Create safe space for discussion and learning.
▸Discuss your solutions more often
▸Be open to critique and contra-arguments
▸Utilise Decision-Support Systems
▸Rely more on data than on opinions and assumptions
▸Complexity bias: utilise Occam’s Razor, use iterative approach

106. Specific decisions in codeLogic/code distribution
Problem-solution discrepancyWrong abstraction level
Architectural approach Human nature
Product evolution AI-generated code
Complexity
What brings it?
How to deal with it?

107. Specific decisions in codeLogic/code distribution
Problem-solution discrepancyWrong abstraction level
Architectural approach Human nature
Product evolution AI-generated code
Complexity
What brings it?
How to deal with it?

108. ADDING NEW FEATURES
Additional complexity Multiplicative complexity
Feature 2Feature 3Feature 1
Complexity 1 Complexity 2 Complexity 3
Feature 4 Complexity 1* Complexity 2* Complexity3*
Feature 2Feature 3Feature 1
Complexity 1 Complexity 2 Complexity 3
Feature 4
Complexity 4
+ x

109. TESLER'S LAW
“Every application or every feature has an inherent amount of
complexity that cannot be removed or hidden. Instead, it must be
dealt with, either in product development or in user interaction"
Larry Tesler (mid-1980s)
computer scientist,
Ex Xerox PARC, Apple, Amazon, Yahoo!

110. TESLER'S LAW

111. Complexity
Specific decisions in codeLogic/code distribution
Problem-solution discrepancyWrong abstraction level
Architectural approach Human nature
Product evolution AI-generated code
What brings it?
How to deal with it?

112. Specific decisions in codeLogic/code distribution
Problem-solution discrepancyWrong abstraction level
Architectural approach Human nature
Product evolution AI-generated code
Complexity
What brings it?
How to deal with it?

113. AI-GENERATED CODE - SITUATION
~35%-55% increase in speed of
writing code
Code written with AI-assistance
~10%~30% of our time we spend
on writing code

114. AI FOR CODE QUALITY
▸Static Code Analysis
▸Dynamic Code Analysis
▸Natural Language Processing (NLP)
▸Suggestions when writing code, or on
the code review

115. Complexity
What brings it?
How to deal with it?
Specific decisions in codeLogic/code distribution
Problem-solution discrepancyWrong abstraction level
Architectural approach Human nature
Product evolution AI-generated code

116. Inconsistencies
Bad interfaces
Organisation Dependencies
Technical debt Assumptions
Essentialism Prioritisation
MORE SOURCES OF COMPLEXITY
…AND WAYS TO DEAL WITH IT
DecompositionArtificial restrictions
Explicitness
Decreasing the scope
Learning
Simplicity-first mindset

117. INCEPTION

118. IF NOT MANAGED
COMPLEXITY MAY TURN OUR PROJECTS
INTO CHAOS