Bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus

In this PPT you will come to know about the different types of mosaic virus which is caused in BHENDU crop, its life cycle, epidemiology, and its management.

1. PAT-301 DISEASE OF FIELD AND HORTICULTURAL CROPS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT -I (1+1)

2. BHENDI YELLOW VEIN MOSAIC VIRUS

3. Introduction Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench ), is widely grown all over tropical, subtropical and warm temperature regions of the world. It is a popular crop in Bangladesh due to its ease of cultivation and adaptability to varying moisture conditions. It is called lady’s finger in England, Gumbo in the USA and Okra in Bangladesh. Okra appears to have originated in South Africa or Asia. The cultivated okra containing chromosome number 2n=130 is an amphidiploid vegetable of Abelmoschus tuberculatus (2n=58) and an unknown species with chromosome number 2n= 72.

4. What are Mosaic Viruses ? This virus infects more than 150 types of plants, including many fruits, vegetables, and flowers. It is characterized by leaves mottled with yellow, white, and light and dark green spots or streaks. Some of the most commonly infected plants include okra, tomatoes, squashes, cauliflower, and cucumbers. Vector of Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus The YVMV is neither sap transmissible nor seed transmissible. It is mainly transmitted through most important sucking pest, white fly during feeding .

5. Symptoms of Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus Yellowing of the entire network of veins in the leaf blade is the characteristic symptom. In severe infections the younger leaves turn yellow, become reduced in size and the plant is highly stunted. The veins of the leaves will be cleared by the virus and inter venal area becomes completely yellow or white. In a field, most of the plants may be diseased and the infection may start at any stage of plant growth. Infection restricts flowering and fruits, if formed, may be smaller and harder. The affected plants produce fruits with yellow or white colour and they are not fit for marketing. The virus is spread by whitefly.

6. Symptoms Infected leaf Yellow vein mosaic disease on mature plant Yellow vein mosaic disease on young seedling

7. DISEASE CYCLE

8. MANAGEMENT Biological Control Restrict the vector by spraying 5% neem seed kernel extract, or ginger, garlic, and chili extracts. Cut pieces of cactus, or milk bush, immerse in water (enough for the pieces to float), allow it to ferment for 15 days. Filter and spray on affected plants. Apply neem and mustard oil, Rhizobacteria , Crozophera oil followed by Palmarosa oil. A mixture of oil @ 0.5% and 0.5% washing soap is also reported to help.

9. Chemical Control Two sprays of Acetamiprid 20SP @ 40g a.i /ha has been proven effective in reducing the incidence of the mosaic virus and subsequently increases the yield of Okra. Imidacloprid 17.8% SL applied twice and one seed treatment ( Imidacloprid @ 5 gm/kg of seed) can significantly reduce the pest population up to 90.2%.

10. Preventive Measures Grow resistant varieties. Maintain proper crop spacing. Plant Maize or Marigold as a border crop to trap the vector insect. Avoid summer season planting as this is the peak season of whiteflies. Avoid sowing susceptible varieties during the summer season, when the whitefly activity is high. Place yellow sticky traps (12/acre) above the plant height to monitor and catch vector insects. Destroy weeds and other wild hosts, especially Croton sparsiflora and Ageralium spp ., whenever possible. Remove the affected plants from the field and burn them.