Bilirubin Test: Metabolism to Health Implications – PPT & pdf file

In this PowerPoint presentation, we have an in-depth view of the bilirubin world. We discuss What bilirubin is, Bilirubin metabolism, Types of bilirubin, Bilirubin Measurement tests, and more subjects. We try to clarify some common questions in the bilirubin world, such as:

What is bilirubin, and what role does it play in the body?
How is bilirubin metabolized, and what are its breakdown products?
What are the methods used for measuring bilirubin levels?
Bilirubin is a substance that our bodies produce when red blood cells break down. These cells have a molecule called heme, which contains iron and helps carry oxygen. When red blood cells age, they’re removed from our bloodstream, and the heme is broken down into bilirubin.

Bilirubin is made in a part of our immune system called the reticuloendothelial system, which includes cells like macrophages. These cells take in the old red blood cells and process them, turning the heme into bilirubin. The initial form of bilirubin is called unconjugated bilirubin, and it’s not very soluble in water.

To get rid of bilirubin, it travels in the bloodstream attached to a protein called albumin until it reaches the liver. In the liver, an enzyme called glucuronyl transferase adds a molecule called glucuronic acid to bilirubin, making it water-soluble. This new form is called conjugated bilirubin.

Once conjugated, bilirubin is sent through the bile ducts into the intestines. Bacteria in the gut then change bilirubin into a substance called urobilinogen. Some of the urobilinogen is absorbed back into the blood and ends up in the urine, giving it a yellow color. The rest is turned into a brown pigment called stercobilin, which is what gives our poop its brown color.

So, in simple terms, bilirubin is a natural byproduct of red blood cell breakdown, and our bodies have a clever way of processing it and getting rid of it through our poop and pee.
Reference:
https://sciencecodons.com/2837-bilirubin-test/

1. BILIRUBIN TEST Total, direct, indirect

2. Lists : What is bilirubin Bilirubin metabolism Types of bilirubin Bilirubin test Effects of bilirubin on health and disease 1

3. Chemical formula: C33H36N4O6 Bilirubin (Latin for golden bile) or BR, is a red-orange compound that occurs in the normal catabolic pathway that breaks down heme in vertebrates. Its breakdown products cause the brown color of feces. A different breakdown product is the main component of the straw-yellow color in urine . W hat is bilirubin?

4. Reticuloendothelial cells are macrophages They take up RBC and metabolized the hemoglobin present into its individual components; heme and globin. Globin is further broken down into amino acids which are subsequently recycle . Creation of bilirubin

5. Bilirubin Conjugation: In the bloodstream, unconjugated bilirubin binds to albumin to facilitate its transport to the liver. Once in the liver, glucuronic acid is added to unconjugated bilirubin by the enzyme glucuronyl transferase. .

6. Bilirubin Excretion : Once in the colon, colonic bacteria deconjugate bilirubin and convert it into urobilinogen. Urobilinogen is oxidized by intestinal bacteria and converted to stercobilin and then excreted through feces.

7. Types of bilirubin

8. Hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice The production of bilirubin is greater than the ability of the liver to secrete it and Liver failure or obstruction of the hepatic ducts in bilirubin secretion is the causes of hyperbilirubinemia .

9. Reasons for unconjugated bilirubin increase 01 Hemolytic anemia 03 Crigler–Najjar syndrome type 1 05 02 Physiological or neonatal jaundice 04 Crigler–Najjar syndrome type 2 06 toxic hyperbilirubinemia Gilbert–Meulengracht syndrome

10. Reasons for increased conjugated bilirubin 02 01 Bile duct obstruction Dubin–Johnson syndrome

11. Bilirubin test

12. Clinical applications Help diagnose jaundice in infants Evaluation of liver function 01 03 Efficacy of phototherapy in infants Diagnosis of biliary obstruction and hemolytic anemia in adults 02 04 11

13. Bilirubin test Sample type Urine 02 Serum 03 01 Complelet blood

14. Use heel sampling for infants Measurement considerations Avoid hemolysis of blood during sampling Do not shake the tube ,Keep the sample away from sunlight Record drugs that affect the result 01 02 03 04

15. Cases of non-acceptance of samples: Severe hemolysi s and lipemic of the sample cause measurement errors. Sample storage conditions : Samples should be stored in the dark and Low temperature . At 8-2 ° C for 7 days. -20° C for 3 months . 25 -15° C for 2 days. . Sample quality

16. Bilirubin measurement method photometric Serum color Skin reflectometry Malloy Evelyn Jendrassik Grof

17. Bilirubin measurement method

18. Bilirubin measurement method Why the Jendrassik-Grof method is preferred than the Evelyn Malloy method? insensitive to sample pH changes insensitive to 50-fold variation in protein concentration adequate optical sensitivity even to decreased bilirubin concentrations not affected by Hgb up to 7.5 g/dL;

19. Normal range AND Critical range

20. The effect of bilirubin on health and disease Protective effect of bilirubin against oxidative damage. The strongest internal antioxidant.

21. Corona 02 Cancer The effect of bilirubin on health and disease 01 20

22. The idea was to study the effect of bilirubin on cancer due to its antioxidant properties. Effect on p53,p27, and inhibition of Rb phosphorylation, so that tumor cells were stopped at G0 / G1. Comparison of bilirubin levels in healthy people and cancer patient. Colorectal cancer (CRC) 21

23. Bilirubin and Corona In a hospital in China, the association between bilirubin levels and mortality was investigated . STB CB CB / UCB Mortality 23

24. Conclusion Bilirubin is used as an important factor in the diagnosis of various diseases Antioxidant bilirubin activity The importance of bilirubin as a therapeutic molecule 24

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