BILWA single drug detailed and simplified explanation

Explains how to study with short specific points for medicos

1. BILVA Dr.R.Vijaya,M D (Ay)

2. Baonym Bilwam purisha bhedam vathi gamayathithi samgrahitwat . It is very useful in dysentery. Botanical identity B N – Aegle marmelos Linn. Family – Rutaceae . Malayalam – Koovalam . Sanskrit – Vilva , Bilva . Tamil – Vilvam .

3. Synonyms Bilwa : Useful in bowel diseases particularly in diarrhea & dysentery Kantaki : Thorny tree Gandha garba : Pulp with resinous order Sreephala : Fruits are good to look at Kuchama : Fruits are globose Maha kapitha : Fruits are like kapitha Sadaphala :Bears fruits always Tripatra Trifoliate leaves Granthila : Branches are nodular Goharitaki :Purifies the koshta of animals like haritaki

4. Vargeekarana Caraka : sothahara , arsoghna , asthapanopaga , anuvasanopaga Susrutha : brhat panchamoola , varunadi , ambashtadi A H : Varunadi,ambashtadi , Mahapanchamula

5. Distribution & Habitat Distributed throughout tropical India Mostly grow in wild Thrive well in Dry habitat & up to 4000f Grown near Hindu worship places as sacred tree

6. 2.Habit Type- Medium sized,slow growing , Fairly large semi deciduous thorny tree grows up to the ht of 30 – 40 f.

7. 3.Root Kind- Tap root Branch- present (many) Long, strong, Fairly large Brownish cream colored , 3-4m ,15cm or more diameter. Bark – Thick 2-4cm Wood – Major part, hard Mildly fragrant & slightly sweet

8. 4.Stem Type- Errect , Solid & Cylindrical Ext Part - Corky fissured Color- Ash grey

9. Stem Texture- Woody Branch- Present limited no: On branches divergent pairs of strong woody straight sharp axillary spines ,1 inch long, one little short.

10. 5.Leaf Insertion- Ramal Arrange- Alternate Petiole- Present terete , 1-2 inch Kind- Compound Pinnatly trifoliate Stipule- Absent

11. Leaf Shape– Terminal- long petioled ovate, oblong larger than laterals 2-4 inc l , 1-2inc b Laterals- subsessile small , ovate lanceolate

12. 6.Infloresence Cymose , Short axillary Few flowered

13. 7.Flower Pedicellate Actinomorphic Bisexual Complete Hypogynous Greyish white sweet scented Sometimes in clusters.

14. 8.Calyx Number-5 Polysepalous Sepaloid , Small Deciduous Aestiv - Valvate or imbricate Colour - Green Inferior

15. 9.Corolla Number- 5 Polypetalous Astiv – Imbricate Dull white

16. 12.Fruit Berry Large Globose oblong 2-5 inch l ,2-4 inch b Unripe Green Ripe- Yellow

17. Faintly aromatic very sticky glutinous pulp Rind -Thick hard Woody smooth

18. 8-20 chambered 10 or more seed in each chamber Pulp orange colored, sweet

19. 13.Seed Numerous 10 or more in each chamber Color- Cream Size- 2-3 cm l Oblong slightly compressed

20. Seed Testa - Woody, hard finely hairy Exalbuminous non endosperm Cotyledons- Thick fleshy

21. Rasa pancaka mula phala Madhura Laghu Sita madhura Katu , thikta , kashaya Laghu , rooksha Ushna katu

22. Action on dosha Mula : tridoshaghna Phala : vata kapha samana Karma Mula - Sothahara,Chardighna,Sulahara . Patra - Sothaghna,Samgrahi,Pramehagna . Kanda – Kasahara,Hridya,Ruchya . Pakwaphala – Vidahi,Vishtambi,Agnisadaka . Apakwaphala – Dipana,pachana,Grahi,Hridya . Pushpa – Atisaragna,ChardignaTrishnanigraha .

23. Chemical Constituents Contain alcaloids,coumarins and steroids. Alcaloids are aeglin,aegelenine,dictamine fragrine etc Coumarins are marmelosine,marmesin,marmin,imperatorin , xanthotoxol etc Polysaccharides,tannins , carotinoids galactose,and a large no of bioactive compounds in its various parts are presant .

24. Minerals - Calcium, Phosperous iron Vitamins - Thiamin Riboflavin Niacin Vit C Aegle fruit contain more riboflavin than any other fruit

25. Unripe fruit- Constipating Ripe fruit -laxative & diuretic Tannin more in unriped fruit responsible for the anti diarrhoeal property Marmelosin more in ripe fruit responsible for the Diuretic & laxative property of ripe fruit.

26. Roots Umbelliferon Psoralen Xanthotoxin Dimethoxy coumarin Heart wood- Axanthotoxol 8 beta d glucoside

27. Seeds- Luvangetin Leaves – Skimianic acid Steron Aeglein Aeglenine

28. Therapeutic indications Mula : mutrala,sothaghna , sulaprasamana Phala : vidahi , vishtambi , anulomana , dipana , pacana , grahi

29. Prayoganga - Ama phala , bija Moola , Patra,mulatwak , Dosage- For Adult Decoction- 50-100ml Power- 3-6gm Juice-10-20ml ( CCRAS)

30. Amayikaprayoga 1.Balavilvaphalakalka+ thilakalka+dadisara - Pravahika ( chchi ) 2. BalavilvaPhala with takra Cures raktarsa – ( ch chi) 3. Balavilvaphalakalka + nagarachurna + guda – For grahani ( ch chi) 4. Hot vilva patra swarasa cures kamala 5. Vilva + Nagara – Kwadha for Chardi visochika (B N ) 6. Balavilva + elacurna + Sugar+ Lajasaktu - forDeepana in children . (CH CHI )

31. Formulations Manasamitravataka , Amritarishtam . Dasamoolarishtam , Pushyanaga choornam , Cyavanaprasam Agastyahareethaki lehyam Bilvadi thila , Bilvadi grutha , Bilvadi gilika , Bilvadi churna Asanavilvadi thaila , Vilvapatradi thaila .

32. Substitutes & adulterants Fruits of Feronia limoia found as adulterant. Root is adulterated with wild citrus roots.