Bio-accumulation and-bio-magnification

waste management

1. Bio magnification and Biodegradation ,Toxic heavy metals and their bioaccumulation USMAN KHAN Class No : 16 5th Semester Of Environmental and Conservation Sciences University Of Swat 1 12/7/2019 11:48 PM

2. What is Bio magnification ? What is Biodegradation? Factor effecting on biodegradation rate Toxic heavy metals and their Bioaccumulation Difference between bio magnification and bio accumulation Content 2

3. Bio magnification, also known as bio amplification or biological magnification The increasing concentration of a substance, such as a toxic chemical, in the tissues of tolerant organisms at successively higher levels in a food chain . certain toxic chemicals and pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) compounds go up the food chain. BIO MAGNIFICATION : 3

4. Organisms at the top of the food chain generally suffer greater harm from a persistent toxin or pollutant than those at lower levels . This affects humans because a large percentage of the fish we consume are higher on the food chain Therefore likely to carry a high concentration of potentially harmful chemicals. Con… 4

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7. Biodegradation is the process by which organic substances are decomposed by micro-organisms into simpler substances such as carbon dioxide, water and ammonia . Tow types of biodegradation: Aerobic biodegradation An-aerobic biodegradation Biodegradation 7

8. Factor effecting on biodegradation rate: Temperature PH Soil moisture Nutrients Oxygen Con… 8

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10. The term heavy metal refers to any metallic chemical element that has a relatively high density and is toxic or poisonous at low concentrations. Examples of heavy metals include: Mercury (hg) Cadmium (cd) Arsenic (as) Chromium (cr) Thallium ( Tl ) and lead (Pb). Heavy metals 10

11. Bioaccumulation occurs when an organism absorbs a substance at a rate faster than that at which the substance is lost by catabolism and excretion . Examples are: Car emission chemicals building up in birds and other animals. Mercury building up in fish. Pesticides building up in small animals. Bioaccumulation 11

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