bio gas production from cow dung project ppt.ppt

bio gas production

1. EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION
FROM COW DUNG AND CANTEEN WASTES
THROUGH ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
PHASE-I PROJECT REVIEW

PRESENTED BY GUIDED BYPRESENTED BY GUIDED BY
NAVEENKUMAR.M (420414414008) Dr.M.KANNAN Ph.D.,
HOD/MECH
OmSakthiOmSakthi
ADHIPARASAKTHI ENGINEERING COLLEGE,ADHIPARASAKTHI ENGINEERING COLLEGE,
MELMARUVATHURMELMARUVATHUR

2. ABSTRACT
Oil crisis of 1980s, research interests on the fuels have expanded
towards bio-energy.
Biomass-the fourth largest energy source after coal, oil and
natural gas.
Biological conversion of biomass to methane has received
increasing attention in recent years.
Organic wastes can be converted to methane by using anaerobic
digestion process and to produce biogas.
This Project presents the production of biogas which will be
more cost effective, eco-friendly, cut down on landfill waste,
generate a high-quality renewable fuel, and reduce carbon dioxide
& methane emissions.

3. INTRODUCTION
Problems faced today is management of handling the wastes and
energy crisis.
Organic waste is simply converted to biodegradable waste and
produces an alternate fuel source.
Among this organic waste, important one is household food
waste.
To utilize this organic waste material for productivity process of
both economical and environmental reasons.
In this study, food waste is used as a source of organic waste.
This organic waste (kitchen waste) turn into energy, through
anaerobic digestion.

4. Cntnd…
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a matured and oldest processing
technology with simple process. It is a promising method to
treat the kitchen wastes.
Biogas is one of the excellent energy sources. It is a mixture of
about 60% methane and 40% carbon dioxide. In this biogas
production of methane is the main component of natural gas.
The main objective of this study is to use anaerobic digestion
process as a sustainable technology for digesting the kitchen
wastes.
(i) to optimize the methane gas evolution from the kitchen
waste. (ii) by conducting a lab scale study to investigate
the biogas yield under ambient temperature conditions

5. NEED FOR ALTERNATIVE RESOURCES
Energy is one of the most important factors for human
development and to global prosperity.
Deforestation is important factor for alternative resource
The world’s 80% energy consumption still originates from fossil
fuels (Goldemberg and Johansson, 2004).
Due to scarcity of fossil fuels threatens supply of fuel
throughout the world energy problem.
We need an ecofriendly substitute for energy as bioenergy. This
trend is supported by the growing market demand for ‘green’
energy.

6. BIOMASS
Biomass is any organic matter that is renewable over time.
It is biological material derived from living, or recently living
organisms.
It is stored energy during photosynthesis.

7. ORGANIC WASTE
An organic compound is contain a chemical molecules of
carbon and hydrogen.
Organic waste is anything that comes from plants or animals
that is biodegradable.
The main forms of organic waste are household food waste,
agricultural waste, human and animal waste.

8. BIOGAS
•Biogas is produced by
bacteria through the bio-
degradation of organic
material under anaerobic
conditions.
•It is similar to natural gas.
•Methane is the important
product. It can be burned as
fuel, just like natural gas.
S.
No
Component Concentration (by
volume)
1Methane (CH4) 55-60 %
2Carbon dioxide
(CO2)
35-40 %
3Water (H2O) 2-7 %
4Hydrogen sulphide
(H2S)
20-20,000 ppm (2%)
5Ammonia (NH3) 0-0.05 %
6Nitrogen (N) 0-2 %
7Oxygen (O2) 0-2 %
8Hydrogen (H) 0-1 %

9. CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOGAS
Biogas is about 20% lighter than air
has an ignition temperature in range
of 650 to 750
0
C.
An odorless & colourless gas that
burns with blue flame similar to
LPG gas
caloric value is 20 Mega Joules
(MJ) /m3
biogas is useful as fuel to
substitute firewood, cow-dung,
petrol, LPG, diesel, & electricity.
Biogas technology is particularly
valuable in agricultural residual
treatment of animal excreta and
kitchen refuse(residuals).
FEATURES OF BIOGAS
Energy Content 6-6.5 kWh/m3
Fuel Equivalent 0.6-0.65 l oil/m3
biogas
Explosion Limits 6-12 % biogas in air
Ignition
Temperature
650-750
0
C
Critical Pressure 75-89 bar
Critical
temperature
-82.5
0
C
Normal Density 1.2 kg/m3
Smell Bad eggs

11. BENEFITS OF BIOGAS TECHNOLOGY
Production of energy.
Transformation of organic wastes to very high quality fertilizer.
Improvement of hygienic conditions through reduction of
pathogens.
Environmental advantages through protection of soil, water, air.
Micro-economical benefits by energy and fertilizer substitutes.
PRODUCTION PROCESS
Biogas system consists of the following components are
• Manure collection
• Anaerobic digester
• Effluent storage
• Gas handling
• Gas use

12. ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
It is also referred to as biomethanization, and natural process
that takes place in absence of air (oxygen).
It converts biomass to energy under oxygen free conditions.
Bacteria is the most important factor gives net energy gain and
useful by products.

13. BIOLOGICAL PROCESS (MICROBIOLOGY)

14. LITERATURE SURVEY
Khanal S. (2009) has made study an anaerobic biotechnology for bioenergy
production for the compounds are broken down into simpler forms,
 The fermentative bacteria use energy obtained from these soluble compounds
to produce a mixture of organic acids, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide in a
process known as fermentation.
It describes biological process of conversion of wastes like fermentation,
acetogenesis, and methogensis.
Dr. Anand karve (2003) made a study on ARTI – appropriate rural
technology of India, pune has developed this plant which uses waste food
rather than any cow dung as feedstock, to supply biogas for cooking
The urban households like starchy & sugary material as feedstock to convert
methane, this feedstock is 20 times, and reaction time is 40 times as efficient
as the conventional system, . Thus, overall, the new system is 800 times as
efficient as the conventional biogas system.

15. Shalini Singh et al (2000) has made study in the effect of
microbial stimulant aquasan and teresan on biogas yield.
The dual addition of aquasan to cattle dung on day 1 to day 15
increased the gas production by 55% over unamended cattle
dung and addition of teresan to cattel dung : kitchen waste
(1:1) mixed residue 15% increased gas production.
Rao et al (2010) has made study on the biogas is one of the
most efficient for alternative sources of renewable energy.
The anaerobic digestion of biomass requires less capital
investment per unit production cost compared to other
renewable energy sources.
Hilkiah igoni (2008) has made a study on the effect of total
solid concentrations of municipal solid waste on the biogas
produced in an anaerobic continuous digester.

16. It indicates that total solids increase at some point , the volume
of biogas would not be increased and proper reactor size
reduction must be consider.
This explains digestion processes, such as, temperature,
hydrogen ion concentration, carbon nitrogen (C/N) ratio,
organic loading rate (OLR), moisture content, and heat content,
need to be manipulated.
Jantsch and Mattiasson et al (2004) discuss how anaerobic
digestion is a suitable method for the treatment of wastewater
and organic wastes, yielding biogas as a useful by-product.
It explains factors which affect biogas production such as pH,
temperature, type and quality of substrate; high organic
loading; formation of high volatile fatty acids; and
inadequate alkalinity.

17. Ukpai, P.A. and Nnabuchi M.N et al (2012) Comparative
study of biogas production from cow dung.
The mesophilic ambient temperatures range attained within the
testing period. The cow dung had the highest cumulative biogas
yield of 124.3 L/total mass of slurry (TMS)
Berlian Sitorus et al (2012) has made investigation on biogas
recovery from anaerobic digestion process of mixed fruit -
vegetable wastes.
The results of this is COD of the leacheate in the range of 7.2-
56.4 g/l, pH in the range of 5.3-6.8 and temperature of 28
0
c –
40
0
c.
Mohammed Shakeel et al (2013) has made experimental
Analysis on Different Operational Parameters of a Biogas Plant
using Kitchen waste. Syringe method is used for the
measurement of amount of methane and carbon dioxide in this
gas production.

18. METHODOLOGY
OBJECTIVES
Optimization of gas production at lab scale.
Effect of different parameters viz.
* Temperature
* pH
* Total & volatile solid concentration
To maintain pH value to increase biogas production
WORK PLAN
This work is conducted in two phases,
Laboratory scale using water bottles.
Large scale in small digester plastic tank.

19. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sources of food waste
Restaurants
Residential
Institutional
Sources of MSW Food Waste
Fast Food
Full Service
Grocery Stores
Institutional
Residential

20. EXPERIMENTAL SETUPS
Different bottling setupsSingle stage standard rate
digester

21. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
Experimental steps
Description of the Anaerobic Digestion Process
Operational Limits and Failure Criteria
Operational Guidelines and Testing
Procedure for Determining Digester Efficiency

22. REFERENCES
[1]Khanal, S. (2009). Anaerobic biotechnology for
bioenergy production. Published online: March 27, 2009. DOI:
10.1002/9780813804545.
[2]Anand Karve .A.D (2003), ‘’Compact biogas plant, a
low cost digester for biogas from waste Starch ,
http://www.artiindia.org, 2003.
[3]Shalim singh, sushil kumar, M.C. Jain, Dinesh
kumar (2000), the increased biogas production using
microbial stimulants.
[4]Rao, P.V., Baral, S.S., Dey, R., Mutnuri, S. (2010),
‘’Biogas generation potential by anaerobic digestion’’ for
sustainable energy development in India. Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14, 2086-2094.

23. [5] Hilkiah Igoni, M. F. N. Abowei, M. J. Ayotamuno and
C. L. Eze (2008), Effect of Total Solids Concentration of
Municipal Solid Waste on the Biogas Produced in an
Anaerobic Continuous Digester.
[6]Hilkiah Igoni, M. F. N. Abowei, M. J. Ayotamuno and
C. L. Eze (2008), Effect of Total Solids Concentration of
Municipal Solid Waste on the Biogas Produced in an
Anaerobic Continuous Digester.
[7]Jantsch, T.G., Matttiason, B. (2004). An automated
spectropphoyometric system for monitoring buffer capacity in
anaerobic digestion processes. Water Research. 38: 3645-3650.
[8]Ukpai, P.A. and Nnabuchi M.N et al (2012)
Comparative study of biogas production from cow dung.

24. [9]Knol W, Van der most M M and Dewart J, “Biogas
production by anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable wastes.
A preliminary study”, J. Sci. Fd. Agric., 1978, 29: 822 – 830.
[10]Nallathambi Gunaseelan V, “Biochemical methane
potential of fruits and vegetable solid waste feedstocks”,
Biomass and Bioenergy, 2004, 26: 389-399.
[11]Monnet, F. 2003. An Introduction to Anaerobic
Digestion of Organic Wastes. Final Report. pp: 1-43.
[12]B. Velmurugan and R. Alwar Ramanujam, ‘’Anaerobic
Digestion of Vegetable Wastes for Biogas Production in a Fed-
Batch Reactor’’, Int. J. Emerg. Sci., 1(3), 478-486, September
2011 ISSN: 2222-4254 © IJES
[12]http/www.biogaswork.com

25. TIME SCHEDULE
S.No Month Contents
1 Up to July Project Area selection
2 Up to Augest Findout base papers and
journals
3 Up to September Title selection
4 Up to October Abstract preparation and
literature survey
5 Up to November Project content preparation
6 Up to December Material selction and report
completion
7 Up to March Experimental setup and
conducted
8 Up to April Simulation
9 Up to May Result and discussion