BIOCHEMISTRY 1st yearCHEMISTRY-OF-CELL_(1).pptx

For 1st year

1. CHEMISTRY OF CELL GROUP 5

2. CHEMISTRY OF CELL The chemistry of a cell refers to the chemical processes and interactions that occur within a biological cell. Cells are composed of various types of molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), carbohydrates, lipids, and small organic molecules. These molecules undergo chemical reactions and interactions within the cell, which are regulated by enzymes and other cellular components.

3. CELL Cells, the basic units of life, are complex chemical systems with each component serving a specific function. Here's a some of the key chemical components in cells and their functions: Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA)           5. ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) Proteins                                                  6. Vitamins and Coenzymes Lipids                                                         Carbohydrates                                      

4. CHEMICAL COMPONENTS A nucleic acid is a complex organic substance present in living cells especially DNA or RNA. They are made of units called nucleotides and they carry the genetic information of every living thing. NUCLEIC ACIDS (DNA and RNA)

5. Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) contains the instructions for the cell's functions. The cell reads these instructions to build proteins, which perform most of the cell's work.

6. Ribonucleic Acid RNA (ribonucleic acid) plays various roles, but its main function is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins.

7. These are complex molecules that do most of the work in cells. They are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs. Each protein has a specific function determined by its shape and composition. 2. PROTEINS CHEMICAL COMPONENTS

8. 3. LIPIDS These are a group of fats and fat-like substances that are important parts of the cell membrane, which is the barrier separating the cell from its environment. CHEMICAL COMPONENTS

9. 4. CARBOHYDRATES These provide cells with energy. The most basic form, glucose, is used in cellular respiration to create ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the cell's main energy source. Carbohydrates can also be found on the surface of cells where they play a role in cell recognition and interaction. CHEMICAL COMPONENTS

10. 5. ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) This molecule is the primary energy currency of the cell. It captures the chemical energy obtained from the breakdown of food molecules and releases it to fuel other cellular processes. CHEMICAL COMPONENTS

11. 6. Vitamins and Coenzymes These are the organic molecules that are necessary for certain enzymatic reactions. They usually act as co-factors or helpers in metabolic reactions. CHEMICAL COMPONENTS

12. The chemistry of the cell is incredibly complex and dynamic, with all of these components constantly interacting. These interactions, or metabolic pathways, allow cells to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. Understanding this chemistry is a central part of biochemistry and molecular biology, and it's crucial to many aspects of health and medicine.

13. KEY ASPECTS OF CELL CHEMISTRY Metabolism Cells carry out metabolic reactions to obtain and use energy.  Metabolism involves the breakdown of food (catabolism) to release energy and the synthesis of molecules (anabolism) to build cellular components.

14. KEY ASPECTS OF CELL CHEMISTRY 2. Enzymes Enzymes are protein that catalyze specific chemical reaction in the cell. They increase the rate of reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.

15. KEY ASPECTS OF CELL CHEMISTRY 3. Cellular respiration  Cells generate energy through a process called cellular respiration.  During cellular respiration, organic molecules, such as glucose, are broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), the cell's primary energy currency.

16. KEY ASPECTS OF CELL CHEMISTRY 4. Transport processes A process that helps cell maintain  homeostasis It involves the movement of molecules across the cell membrane Two Types: Passive and Active

17. TWO TYPES OF TRANSPORT PASSIVE TRANSPORT Osmosis  ACTIVE TRANSPORT TWO TYPES: Endocytosis Exocytosis