Biochip PPT

PPT based on topic 'BIOCHIP"

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2. “Biochips”- exciting future technology for Computer
science, Electronics & Biology.
It was developed in 1983 for monitoring fisheries.
Now it is used over 300 Zoos & 80 government
agencies in 20 countries.
Yearly, 6 million recipients of prosthetic devices and
breast implants are “biochipped”.
Over 7 million animals have been bio-chipped .
Major biochip companies are A.V.I.D (American
Veterinary Identification Devices), Trovan
Identification Systems.
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3. Biochip implant is a small (micro)
computer chip inserted under the skin
for identification purposes.
Biochip is a Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID) system.
RFID system uses low-frequency radio
signals to communicate between the
biochip and reader.    
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4. A biochip is a collection of miniaturized test
sites (micro arrays) arranged on a solid
substrate that permits many tests to be
performed at the same time in order to get
higher speed and efficiency.
Like a computer chip that can perform millions
of mathematical operation in one second, a
biochip can perform thousands of biological
operations in a few seconds.
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5. There are two components of a
biochip which are as follows :-
1) Transponder
2) Reader
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6. Transponder in biochips is of passive type,
contains no battery of its own.
Advantage of passive transponder is it has very
long life up to 99 years and no maintenance is
required.
Transponder consists of four parts :-
i) Computer micro chip
ii) Antenna Coil
iii) Tuning capacitor
iv) Glass Capsule
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7. Computer Microchip :
•It stores identification numbers from 10 to 15 digits long.
•The ID number is etched via laser on to the microchip.
Antenna coil:
•It’s a simple coil of copper wire around a iron core which
receives and sends the signal from reader.
Tuning capacitor:
•It stores the small electric charge sent by reader or scanner
and activates the transponder.
Glass capsule:
•It houses the entire transponder usually of the size of a
uncooked grain of rice measuring about 11 mm in length and 2
mm in diameter.
•It is made up of soda lime glass.

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8. It consists of an “exciter” coil which creates
an Electromagnetic field via radio signals.
It provides necessary energy (< 1/1000 of a
watt) to excite the implanted biochip
Reader also carries a receiving coil that
receives transmitted code from the
implanted biochip
This all takes places very fast (milliseconds)
.
Reader contains the software to decode the
received code and to show the result on a
LCD.
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9. Reader
Amplifier
A-D
converter
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Implanted

Biochip

LCD

10. •The reader generates a low-power electromagnetic
field via radio signals which “activates” the
implanted biochip.
•This “activation” enables the biochip to send the ID
code back to the reader via radio signals. The reader
amplifies the received code, converts it to digital
format, decodes and displays the ID number on the
reader’s LCD display.
•The biochip is Radio Frequency Identification
(RFID) system, using low frequency radio signals to
communicate between the biochip and the reader.
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11. The biochip is inserted into the one’s
body with a hypodermic syringe.
Injection is safe and simple comparable
to common vaccines.
Anesthesia is not required nor
recommended.
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12. With a biochip, tracing of person/animal,
anywhere in the world is possible.
A biochip can store and update financial,
medical, demographic data, basically
everything about a person.
A biochip leads to a secured E-
Commerce systems.
Biochips really are potent in replacing
passports, cash, medical record.
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13. Biochip as a Glucose
Detector.
Biochip as an oxygen
sensor.
Biochip as a Blood Pressure
sensor.
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14. It can operate on tiny amount of power – about
1/10
th
of that used by flashlight bulb.
Ability to perform thousand of biological
reaction a few seconds.
The ability to detect multiple viral agent in
parallel.
Miniaturization:- Extremely small in size.
Viability of the living cell is favored since the
biochip transistor does not need to heat up as a
vacuum tube does and it responds instantly.
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15. Biochips can be implanted into
one’s body without their knowledge.
These methods have a problem that
DNA chip can not be fabricated at
high density.
Mass production is limited.
Issues of personal privacy.
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16. A chip implanted somewhere in
human bodies might serve as a
combination of credit card, passport,
driver's license, personal diary.
A chip inserted into human bodies
might also give us extra mental
power.
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