Biodiesel production from algae

Biodiesel production from algae........Renewable energy source

1. Shafiq uz zaman 2011-ch-379 Hamid Mukhtar 2011-ch-373 Zain ul shahidin 2011-ch-337 Kalim ahmed 2011-ch-376 Group members Biodiesel production from algae

2. Classification of energy Traditional Non Renewable Energy Alternative Oil Gas Coal Renewable Energy Solar Wind Hydro Ocean Geothermal Biomass ENERGY SOURCE Gas Hydrates Nuclear Oil Shale Tar Sands

3. Biofuels Less common types: Biobutanol Synfuel

4. Why the Interest In Biodiesel? Renewable Resource with the largest potential to get us off the foreign oil supply National Energy Security is an achievable goal with Algae Oil Environmental Enhancement through Zero Sulfur and the sequestration of CO2 Economics & Job Creation through keeping the production of fuels inside the Pakistan

5. Introduction to algae fuels

6. Algae Oil yield Compared to other Feedstocks Comparative Yields Soy Bean 50-65 Gallons Per Acre Per Year Camelina 150-400 Gallons Per Acre Per Year Palm 400-700 Gallons Per Acre Per Year Algae 2,000 to 20,000+ ?? Gallons Per Acre Per Year

7. Uniqueness of algae fuels Algae fuels Higher oil yield Lesser land requirement food vs. fuel Range of products Adaptability WWT & CO 2 capture

8. Lesser land requirement Algae is capable of producing 30 times more oil per acre than the current crops now utilized for the production of biofuels. Algae could produce up to 94,000 liters of oil per acre, shrinking land requirements

9. Adaptability to a range of environment Grown under conditions which are unsuitable for conventional crop production (marine water, wastewater, open ponds)

10. Solve the food versus fuel problem Does not compete directly with crops grown for food Algae can make use of marine and waster water Some algae can be grown in desert regions Some algae can be grown in ocean environment Does not require expensive nutrients for growing

11. A wide range of fuel products Algae

12. Integrated with CO 2 capture

13. Additional Algae Oil Benefits: Can be Grown anywhere Non-polluting Zero Sulfur Releases Oxygen (can be captured and sold) Eats CO2 (a potentially valuable GHG offset) After the Oil is extracted the remaining presscake ( BioMass ) is a highly valuable product

14. How Does Algae Produce Oil? Algae is a single cell organism Algae feeds on the Hydrogen from the H2O and the Carbon from the CO2 and through the process of photosynthesis produces Hydrocarbon Chains and releases Oxygen Most strains of the Green and Green-Blue Algae can double their mass every 24hour growing cycle Different strains of Algae produce Algae Oil with slightly different hydrocarbon chains

15. How to obtain fuel from algae? Picking up the best algae Growing the algae Harvesting Generating the fuel product

16. Choosing an Algae Important characteristics of Algae High % of total biomass is oil Maintains a high % of oil even under stress Compatible with our regional climate

17. Where To Grow It Extensions onto our water treatment plants Clean up our waste and generate fuel Agriculture runoff Exploit the county’s many farms and vineyards Water ponds Algae could well grow on salty water as well as soft water

18. How Is Algae Grown? There are 3 methodologies that are currently being used to grow Algae – with a wide number of variations ! :

19. 1 st Open system

20. Open Tanks

21. Pivot Ponds

22. Open Ponds

23. Light Pulse Systems

24. Open Raceway Ponds

25. 2 nd vertical systems ( Vertigrow’s , Hanging Bags)

26. 3 rd Closed systems(photo bioreactor) Also referred as Photo bioreactors(PBR) Tubular PBR Flat plate PBR

27. Bio reactor Bioreactors provide fast growth of algae with the high contents of oil. Considerably reduces expenditures of labor & eliminates complexities in service. The system can work during long periods without destruction of culture. Light in a reactor is taken as much as it considerably increases its productivity. Self-cleaning Reactors represent closed, controlled, automated systems.

28. The technological circuit of installation of a bioreactor

29. d Oil Extraction From Algae

30. 1. Expeller/Press 2. Hexane solvent oil extraction 3. Supercritical Fluid extraction There are three well-known methods to extract the oil from oilseeds, and these methods should apply equally well for   algae  too:  

31. 1.Pressing oil from the algae Dry the algae and press the oil from it. Can retrieve up to 70% of the oil. While drying must prevent the algae from becoming contaminated. Cheapest and simplest method

32. 2.Chemical Oil Extraction Use hexane solvents to remove the oil. Benzene could also be used. Must be careful when using. Removes oil out of almost all things . About 95% of total oil present in algae could be extracted.

33. 3.Super Critical Oil Extraction Zain qazi Most efficient method . Equipment n eed special containment and pressure. Can extract almost 100% oil by itself. Uses carbon dioxide at critical pressure and temperature (CO2 is almost a liquid). Rapid diffusion of the oil.

34. Product generation via different methods Biodiesel Ethanol Hydrogen Methane Electricity – where algae biomass is directly used for combustion Other hydrocarbon fuel, such as JP-8 fuel, gasoline, biobutanol etc.

35. Biodiesel from algae Cultivation of Microalgae species Harvesting of Microalgae Extraction of Oil from Microalgae Transesterification Biodiesel

36. Ethanol from algae Fermentation Algae Biomass Ethanol

37. Hydrogen(H 2 ) from algae Biomass Gasification Biogas Fermentation Dark Fermentation Steam Reformation H 2

38. Methane from algae Algae Biomass Anaerobic digestion Methane

39. Conclusion Even with few challenges taken into consideration, algae biofuel ’s natural advantages look to make it one of the foremost players in the clean energy market Algae biofuel production holds future promise for developing countries. More jobs Energy independence

40. Cost of the pilot project Aprox 20,000 to 25,000 in pakistani rupees. Which include Algae cultivation requirements Algae drying method Algae oil extraction

41. Any question? Thank you!