biodiversity Science Form 2/ Kepelbagaian

SCIENCE FORM 2

2. 3.1
organisms
and
their
classification

3. BIODIVERSITY
Biodiversity (Biological diversity)
- The wide variety of organisms on earth
 Biodiversity exists due to the wide variety of
habitat and climates
 Different organisms have different
characteristics to adapt and survive in their
habitats

4. Habitat Biodiversity
Pond Frogs, fish, water snails, dragonflies,
water lettuce, water lilies, water
hyacinth, amoeba
Desert Camels, lizards, kangaroo rats, cacti
Polar regionPolar bears, Arctic foxes, seals,
penguins, snow rabbits, moss, lichens
Soil Earthworms, snakes, ants, milipedes,
centipedes, scorpions, fungi, bacteria

5. Classification of
organisms
 The sorting of organisms into groups is called
classification of organisms
 Organisms may be classified according to their
common or different characteristics
 Organisms with the same characteristics are
placed together in the same group

6. KINGDOMS
ANIMALS
PLANTS
FUNGI (MOULDS)
BACTERIA
SIMPLE ORGANISMS

7. Classification of
ANIMALS
ANIMALS
VERTEBRATES
(with backbones)
INVERTEBRATES
(without backbones)
amphibians
Fish
Birds
Mammals
Reptiles

8. VERTEBRATES INVERTEBRATES
 Animals with backbones
 about 40 000 species of
vertebrates
 classified into 5 smaller
group called classes:
 fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
mammals

 Animals without
backbones
 More than 90% animals
are invertebrates
 small in size & simple
body structure
 Insects (grasshoppers),
spiders, crabs, prawns,
worms, and molluscs
(snails)

9. 1) AMPHIBIANS
Cold-blooded
Can live both on land and water
Bodies cover with moist skin
The young
- live in water
- breathe through gills
The adults
- can live on land and in water
- on land, breathe with lungs
- in water, breathe through moist skin
Carry out external fertilisation
e.g : Toad, frog, salamander

10. 2) FISH
Live in water
Well adapted for swimming- fin & tails
to swim
Skin covered with hard, slimy scales
Cold-blooded-(body temperature changes
with their surrounding temperature)
Most lay eggs
Carry out external fertilisation
Absorbs oxygen in water through gills

11. 3) Birds
Live on land
Most can fly – wings
Have hard, toothless beaks for feeding
Bodies cover with feathers
Breathe with lungs
Warm-blooded (body temperature remain
constant)

12.  Lay eggs with hard shell in nests
 Carry out internal fertilisation
 e.g: Pigeon, duck, eagle,
penguin,etc.

13. 4) MAMMALS
Warm-blooded
Most live in land. Some live in water
Bodies cover with hair / fur
Breathe with lungs
Give birth to live young except platypus
and spinny anteater

14.  Have a pair of external ears
 The females have mammary glands
 Carry out internal fertilisation
 e.g: Cow, Bat, Platypus, Whale

15. 5) REPTILES
Most live on land
Have hard & dry scales to protect
their bodies
Breathe with lungs
Cold-blooded
Lay eggs with tough leathery shell to
prevent from drying out
Carry out internal fertilisation
e.g : Lizards, turtle, snake, crocodile