Bioethics and its principle application and difference between Bioethics and ethics

Bioethics and its principle and its difference with healthcare ethics

1. DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER TOPIC : BIOETHICS UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY Bachelor of Sciences (Biotechnology) Subject Name : IPR, Biosafety & Bioethics Code : BTT-355

2. 2 BIOSAFETY CO Number Title Level CO1 Ability to interpret basics of biosafety and bioethics and its impact on all the biological sciences and the quality of human life. Understand CO2 Power to recognize importance of biosafety practices and guidelines in research. Understand CO3 Capability to recognize importance of protection of new knowledge and innovations and its role in business. Understand Course Outcome

3. 3 Contents Introduction Ethics and Morals Importance of Bioethics Health & Medical Ethics Importance Principles Bioethics in Patent Care Professional Attribute Bioethics in Teamwork UNESCO Bioethics Principle

4. Introduction 4 The study of the ethical and moral implications of new biological discoveries and biomedical advances, as in the fields of genetic engineering and drug research is bioethics. The term “bioethics” was introduced in the 70s by Van RensselaerPotter for a study aiming at ensuring the preservation of the biosphere. It was later used to refer a study of the ethical issues arising from health care, biological and medical sciences.

5. Ethics Discipline concerned with right or wrong conduct Guides to moral behaviour Making choices Judgements 5

6. Ethics vs Morals 6 Morals are an individual frame work for decision making that includes personal values Ethics are a generalized conceptual framework for decision making

7. Importance of Bioethics Bioethics education for medical practice is essential in today’s complex world because: Medical policies and patient rights legislation are ever changing Health care systems function differently than before Clinical practice practice now involves decision-making about many new issues 7

8. Health Ethics 8 The rules or standards governing the conduct of a person or the members of a profession relating to the study or practice of midicine

9. Ethics in Medical Science (Medical Ethics) Patients are entitled to good standards of practice and care from their doctors Essential elements of this are professional competence, good relationships with patients and colleagues and observance of professional ethical obligation. (From Good Medical Practice, GMP) 9

10. Why Bioethics has Become Important ? 10 Nowadays, conflicts of interests between the government and medical institutions, between medical institutions and medical personnel, between physicians and patients are getting more and more serious and complex High technologies not only brought us hope of cure but have also created a heavy economic burden The ethical dilemmas of prescribing high technology medicine, organ transplantation, and concerns about quality of life-have become increasingly prominent

11. There are 4 (Four) Principles of Bioethics Autonomy- Right of self-determination Beneficence- To do well and to promote well-being Non- maleficence - To do no harm or to avoid doing harm Justice- Treat everyone alike (Beauchamp and Childress, 2001) 11

12. Bioethics in Patient Care 12 Bioethics involves making the best possible health care decisions with attention to more than just medical factors- especially when there is disagreement about an appropriate course of action Decisions: Making decisions can be difficult. Bioethics helps to consider life-sustaining treatments (including cardio-pulmonary resuscitation, artificial ventilation and artificial methods of providing food and fluids) and discusses aspects of their use.

13. Ethical and Regulatory Aspects of Clinical Research 13 Utilize a systematic framework for evaluating the ethics of a clinical research protocol Apply appropriate codes, regulations, and other documents governing the ethical conduct of humna subject research to their own research Discuss controversial issues relating to human subject research, including Phase I research, randomization, children in research, international research etc. Identify the critical elements of informed consent and strategies for implementing informed consent for clinical research Describe the purpose, function, and challenges of IPRs Appreciate the experience of human subjects who have participated in research protocols.

14. Professional Attributes & Bioethics Displaying honesty and integrity: Never misrepresent or falsify information and/or actions (cheating) Do not engage in other unethical behaviour Showing respect for patient’s dignity and rights: Make appropriate attempt to establish report with patients or families Show sensitivity to the patient’s or families feeling, needs or wishes Demonstrate appropriate empathy Show respect for patient autonomy Maintain confidentiality of patient information 14

15. Conti……… Maintaining a Professional demeanor Maintain professional demeanor even when stressed; not verbally hostile, abusive, dismissive or inappropriate angry Never expresses anger physically Accept professionally accepted boundaries for patient relationships Not to be arrogant or insolent Proper appearance, dress, professional behavior. Follow generally accepted professional norms 15

16. Bioethics in Team Work Responding to supervision Accept and incorporates feedback in a non-resistant and non-defensive manner Accept responsibility for failure or errors 16

17. Bioethics in Team Work Demonstrating dependability and appropriate initiative: Complete tasks in a timely fashion (papers, reports) Examinations, appointments, patient notes, patient care tasks Do not need reminders about academic responsibilities, responsibilities to patients or to other health care Professionals in order to complete them Appropriate available for professional responsibilities (i.e. required activities, available on clinical service) Take on appropriate responsibilities willingly (not resistant or defensive) Take on appropriate patient care activities (does not “turf” patients or responsibilties 17

18. Conti…… Interacting with other members of the team: Communicate with other members of the health care team in a timely manner Show sensitivity to the needs, feelings, wishes of health care team members Relate and cooperates well with members of the health care team 18

19. UNESCO’s 15 Bioethical Principles Human dignity & Human Rights Benefit & Harm Autonomy-individual responsibility Consent Person without the capacity to consent Human vulnerability & Personal integrity Privacy/Confidentiality Equality, Justice, Equity Non-discrimination Respect for cultural diversity Solidarity & Cooperation Social responsibility & health Sharing of benefits Protecting future generations Protecting biodiversity, biosphere & environment 19

20. THANK YOU For queries Email: [email protected]