BIOFERTILLIZERS.GROUPS OF BIOFERTILLIZERS.SCOPE AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE OF BIOFERTILLIZERS

It includes BIOFERTILLIZERS.GROUPS OF BIOFERTILLIZERS.SCOPE AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE OF BIOFERTILLIZERS

1. BIOFERTILLIZERS.GROUPS OF BIOFERTILLIZERS.SCOPE AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE OF BIOFERTILLIZERS IRAM SHAFIQ 13-ARID-320 SEMESTER : 7 th AGRONOMY BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION AGR-603 HAFSA NAZIR CHEEMA 13-ARID-320 PRESENTED BY : PRESENTED TO: DR RASHEED 1

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 2 DIFFERENT GROUPS OF BIOFERTILIZERS 3 APPLICATION OF BIOFERTILIZERS TO CROPS 4 CONSTRAINTS FOR ADAPTATION OF BIOFERTILIZER TECHNOLOGY 5 WHY DO WE NEED BIOFERTILLIZERS? 6 SCOPE AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES OF BIOFERTILIZERS 2

3. BIOFERTILIZERS A substance which contains living microorganisms ,which, when applied to seed , plant surfaces , or soil ,colonizes the rhizosphere or interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to plants . Add nutrients through the natural processes of nitrogen fixation , solubilizing phosphorous and stimulating plant growth through the synthesis of growth –stimulating substances. Also named as microbial inoculants . Ready to use live formulation of beneficial microorganisms for enhancing the productivity of soil. 3

4. Its eco friendly in that it not only prevents, damaging the natural resource but also helps to some extent cleanse the plant from precipitated chemical fertilizers which have damaging effects like; Polluting water basins. Destroying microorganisms and beneficial insects. Reducing soil fertility and irreparable damage Bio-fertilizer is technically living , it can symbiotically associate with plant roots. Involved microorganisms can readily and safely convert complex organic material in simple compounds ,so that plants can easily take up. Maintains stomatal functioning turgor potential and transpiration. It maintains the natural habitat of the soil It increases crop yield by 20-30%. Biofertilizers provide protection against drought and some soil-borne diseases. Fortify the soil and improves soil structure and profile Replaces chemical nitrogen and phosphorous by 25%,and stimulates plant growth. Bio-fertilizers are cost effective relative to chemical fertilizer. WHY DO WE NEED BIOFERTILIZERS 4

5. They scavenge phosphate from soil layers . Solubilise the insoluble form of phosphates like tricalcium,iron and aluminum phosphate into available forms. Fix atmospheric N in the soil and root nodules of legume crops and make it available to the plants. HOW DOES BIOFERTILIZER WORKS Promotes hormones and metabolites which promotes root growth . Decompose organic matter and help in soil mineralization . 5

6. CLASSIFICATION OF BIOFERTILIZERS Bacteria. Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas striata Fungi. Pencillium sp, Aspergillus awamori P solubilizing Biofertilizer Arbuscular mycorrizha. Glomus sp Ectomycorrizha. Amanita sp Ericoid mycorr… Pezizella ericae P mobilizing biofertilizer silicate and zinc Solubilizers. Bacillus sp Biofertilizers for Micro-nutrients Free living. Azotobactor, Anabeana,noctoc Symbiotic . Rhizobium , azollae Associative . Azospirillum Nitrogen fixing biofertilizer BIOFERTILIZERS 6 . Plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas . Pseudomonas sp

7. AZOTOBACTER Found in neutral to alkaline soils. Azotobacter belongs to azotobacteriaceae. Produce polysaccrides which improves soil aggregation. Fix biologically active PGRs like IAA and gibberellins. Anabaena azollae Free- floating water fern used as biofertilizer for wetland rice. Fixes atmospheric N in association with N fixing PGA (Anabaena azollae known to contribute 40-60 Kg N/ha per rice crop. RHIZOBIUM Soil habitat bacterium able to colonize the legume roots. Belongs to rhizobiaceae. Fixes 50-100 kg /ha/yr of nitrogen. Fixes atmospheric elemental N symbiotically into plant useable form. AZOSPIRILLIUM Proliferates under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Belongs to spirillaceae family. Nitrogen fixing ability of 20-40 kg/ha. PGRs production(IAA), disease resistance and drought tolerance are other benefits. Nitrogen fixing biofertilizer FREE LIVING SYMBIOTIC ASSOCIATIVE 7

8. APPLICATION OF BIOFERTILLIZER SEED TREATMENT (Seed inoculation method) The inoculant (bacteria-carrier mixture) is mixed with water to make slurry and then mixed with seeds. SEEDLING ROOT DIP (Root inoculation method) For vegetables mix both N and P bio fertilizers in water. Dip the roots of seedlings in this suspension for 30-40 min before transplanting.  For paddy make a bed in the field and fill it with water.  Mix bio fertilizers in water and dip the roots of seedlings for 8-10 hrs. SOIL TREATMENT ( Soil inoculation ) All biofertilizers along with the compost fertilizers are mixed together. They are kept for one night . Then the next day this mixture is spread on the soil where seeds have to be sown. For inoculation in general, granular inoculant is placed into the furrow under or alongside the seed. This enhances the chance for inoculated strain to be in contact with plant roots. The slurry is then poured over the seeds spread on a cemented floor and mixed properly in a way that a thin layer is formed around the seeds. The treated seeds should be dried in the shade overnight and then they should be used. Generally, 750 gram of biofertilizer is required to treat the legume seeds for one hectare area 8

9. PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING BIOFERTILIZER S W O T Group of beneficial bacteria capable of hydrolyzing organic and inorganic phosphorous from insoluble compounds. Releases insoluble phosphorus in soil and fix in clay minerals. Example includes pseudomonas, species of bacillus ,penicillium and Aspergillus . Seed inoculation of PSB-30 kg of phosphorous /ha. 9

10. PHOSPHATE MOBILIZING BIOFERTILIZER( mycorrizha ) A symbiotic ,generally mutualistic association between a fungus and roots of vascular plants. Transfer P from the soil to the root cortex. The fungus colonizes the host plant roots, either interacellularly or extracellularly and increase surface area of roots. This association provides the fungus with access to carbohydrates. In return ,the plant gains the benefits of mycelium higher absorptive capacity for water and mineral. Plants roots alone may be incapable of taking up phosphate ions that are demineralized in soil with basic PH. The mycelium of the mycorrhizal fungus can make P available to the plants they colonize. 10

11. BIOFERTILIZERS SILICATE AND ZINC SOLUBILIZING BIOFERTILIZER Micro-organisms are capable of degrading silicates and aluminum silicates. Bacterial sp degrade silicates and aluminum silicates in soil. Help in silicate weathering. E.g. Bacillus sp can be used as bio-fertilizer for zinc or aluminum silicates because these organisms solubilize the zinc present in the soil and make it available to the plants. PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA Act s both biofertilizer and biopesticide. Promote growth by: Improved Nutrient Availability (Biofertilizers ) Suppression of Plant Disease (Bioprotectants)  Phytohormones Production (Biostimulants) The produce include indole-acetice acid ,cytokinins,gibberellins and inhibitors of ethylene production. 11

12. CONSTRAINTS FOR ADOPTION OF BIOFERTILIZER TECHNOLOGY Specific to plants.eg Rhizobium sp culture does ᾿ t work well in high nitrate tolerant strains . Short shelf life. Requires qualified technical persons. Prone to contamination. The acceptability of biofertilizers has been rather low because they do not produce quick and spectacular response. Lack of regulation and standards, quality issues of the product. High initial investment to production unit. lack of publicity are the major constraints in the widespread use of biofertilizers in Pakistan. As such there is no harmful impacts of biofertilizers if used properly. However some constraints are: LOGO 12

13. SCOPE AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES OF BIOFERTILIZERS The use of biofertilizers can play an important role in sustaining the agriculture systems. In Pakistan, where fertilizer is annually a hundred billion rupees business, even a 10% contribution by biofertilizer can save rupees 10 billion. Biofertilizers offer a huge potential for widespread use offering both economical and environmental advantage to farmers/growers and commercial viability to production units. Various research groups/organizations are engaged in research and development on biofertilizers and have made their efforts to increase the application of biofertilizers in Pakistan's agriculture Assuring quality of products, concept of food security, and concept of safe food with extensive field-based testing, capacity building of resource persons and stakeholders on standard production processes, storage and application will help a wider adoption and popularization of the biofertilizer technologies in Pakistan 13

14. Thank you REFERENCES https://books.google.com. https://en.wikipedia.org. pakagrifarming.blogspot.com/2013/03/introduction-to-biofertilizers.html. https://agroproducts.wordpress.com/tag/advantages-of-bio-fertilizers. www.biotecharticles.com/.../Biofertilizers-Types-Benefits-and-Applications