Biofuel production

different generation of bioethanol production

1. Bioethanol production Delivered by Shruti Pathania F-12-24-D Bioethanol production Delivered by Shruti Pathania F-12-24-D

2. Introduction

3. Not necessarily a new idea… “We can get fuel from fruit, from that shrub by the roadside, or from apples, weeds, saw-dust—almost anything! There is fuel in every bit of vegetable matter that can be fermented … And it remains for someone to find out how this fuel can be produced commercially—better fuel at a cheaper price than we know now.” ~ Henry Ford, 1925

4. In 1980, Brazilian government launched the Proalcohol program that ethanol made a come back in market. In 1973 and 1979 the Carter administration in USA established government policies to provide alternative energy sources.

5. Fuel properties of Bioethanol Bioethanol is a liquid biofuel (ETOH), colorless, Renewable bio-based resource and flammable oxygenated hydrocarbons Molecular formula of C 2 H 5 OH Ethanol may be of : Synthetic alcohol and Agricultural alcohol Anhydrous alcohol and hydrous alcohol

6. Advantage of bioethanol over gasoline It’s a renewable source of energy Burning does not increases green house effect Provide high octane at low cost Blends can be used in all petrol engine without modification Biodegradable Reduce emission of hydrocarbons Reduce nitrogen oxide emission

7. Industrial technology for bioethanol production

8. Raw materials

9. Substrate used for ethanol production Substrate Includes Examples Directly fermentable Sugary substances Sugarcane , molasses, sugarbeet , sweet sorghum Easily hydrolysable substrates Starchy-materials Maize, wheat, Barley, rice, millet, rye and mixed grains Difficult to hydrolyse substrates Lignocellulosic material Bagasse , forage crops, straw and chaff

10. Representation of wood plant cell wall and its macromolecular components

11. Balat et al ., 2008

12. Types of feedstocks Treatment needed before fermentation Advantages Disadvantages Sugar crops (sugarcane, sugar beet , sweet sorghum, beets fruits etc Squeezing, crushing to extract sugar Preparation is simple High yield of ethanol per acre crop co-products have value as fuel Storage may result in loss of sugar. Starch crops grains (corn, wheat, rice, sorghum, barley millet, rye etc Milling and enzymatic hydrolysis involving liquifiction and saccharification enzymatic hydrolysis is cheap and simple co-products used a s livetocks feed is rich in proteins Preparation involves additional equipments enzyme labor and enzyme costs Cellulosic crop residues (sugarcane bagasses , corn stover , wheat straw, etc) Milling and acid hydrolysis Availability is widespread use involve no integration with livestock feed market Required additional equipments, labor and energy cost, no commercially cost effective process exists for hydrolysis

13. Pretreatment

14. fermentation

15. Recovery of products

16. Factors influencing ethanol production

17. Two common types were acetic acid bacteria ( Acetobacter sp i.e. grow in presence of oxygen and infectious at early stages)and lactic acid bacteria i.e. Lactobacillus (grow at low pH and anaerobic conditions) and Streptococcus .

18. Drawbacks of ethanol

19. Current status and potential production of bioethanol in world

20. Country Substrate Status Brazil Sugarcane Launched a National fuel; alcohol programs in 1970 and by 1980 ethanol use overtook gasoline United states Corn In 2004, 35 million corn used for production of 13 billion liters of ethanol China Corn, Wheat 3649 million liters of ethanol in 2004, The Jilin ethanol distillery the largest in the world is producing 908 million liters per year and has a potential final capacity of 1211 million liters per year India Sugarcane In 2003 Indian government has started use of E5 in nine states , most of plant production done in UP, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. Estimated annual production of 1749 million liters in 2004

21. World Fuel Ethanol Production ( mln litres )

22. Development of the world ethanol market

23. Issues related to Bioethanol use in India

24. Uses of bioethanol

25. Transport fuel Brazil : gasohol (24% bioethanol and 76% of gasoline), USA E10, Canada : E10, India : E 5, China : E10.

26. Manufacturers of bioethanol fuelling vehicles:

27. Ford are the only mass producer of Flexi-fuel vehicles in Europe, led by the Focus and C-Max models. Saab and Volvo started offering an alternative from 2006, with their Flex-fuel bioethanol cars. The USA has already a large number of car manufacturers selling fuel-flexible vehicles: Ford, Chrysler, General Motors, Isuzu, Mazda, Mercedes and Nissan. In Brazil the companies Fiat, Ford, General Motors, Renault, Volkswagen serve the national E85 vehicle needs. Swedish car marker, Volvo, has two models that run on bioethanol , those being the S40 and V50, it run on E85.

28. Conclusion Manufacture of bioethanol would considerably improve the country energy security by reducing its reliance on foreign oil. A growing ethanol industry will provide jobs in plant operations, maintenance and contribute to rural economic development. Lignocellulosic waste is one of the most-likely used as a raw material for industrial production of bioethanol . The industry and the authorities are very close to reaching an agreement over a viable framework of support for fuel ethanol. A new partnership in between the producers and importers will be created to provide the significant funds required to facilitate growth. A future market is required to provide the possibility hedge against price fluctuations.