Biogeographical classification of India:Biodiversity

Biogeographical classification of India:Biodiversity, Himalayan zone, semi arid zone, deccan plateau, north east india, indian deserts, red panda, monal pheasant, xerophytic plants, salt desert, rann of kutch

1. BIODIVERSITY
Lecture-2

2. Bio-Geo-Graphical Classification
of India
By
Dr. SuriBabuGolla
Assistant Professor
EM & H Department
SRKR Engineering College
Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh.
Mail: [email protected]

3. BIOGEOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF INDIA
BiogeographicalclassificationofIndiawas
accomplishedbyRodgersandPanwar(1988)
describing10zonesinIndiabasedonfactorssuch
asaltitude,moisture,topography,rainfalletc.
Thesezonesareusedasabasisforplanningwild
lifeprotectedareasinIndia.
Thesezonesdealswiththegeographicaldistribution
ofplantsandanimals.

4. North East India

5. TRANS HIMALAYAN REGION
Itcovers25,000sqkms,avaststretchofthecolddesert.
LiesinnorthernHimalayanrange,surroundsentiretibetanplateau,
LadakhandZanskarrange.
Therangeexhibitsscarcevegetationandrichesthabitatofwild
sheepandgoats.
Tibetanantelope,snowleopard,bluesheep,bear,wilddeer,yak,
Himalayanpitviperandwildassaresomeoftheimpanimalspresent
inthepartsoftibetanHimalayas.

7. TRANS HIMALAYAS

8. Chiru
Black necked crane
Himalayan pit viper
Trans -Himalaya Zone

9. HIMALAYAS

10. HIMALAYAS
TheregionsofJ&K,H.P,Uttaranchal,Sikkim,W.B,Arunachal
Pradesh,Mizoram,Nagaland,Manipur,AssamandTrpura.
Separateindiafromtibetanplateau.
3
rd
largestdepositoficeandsnow.
Thereisnovegetationabovethesnowline.
Predominanttreesfoundinthisregionarepineandoak.
Animalsincludepanda,snowleopardandbrownbeararedominant.

11. Himalaya zone
Ibex
Red Panda Monal Pheasant

13. NORTH WEST DESERT ZONE
Kutch,TharandLadakhcomprisesthedesertzone.
Summersareveryhotanddry,wintersareverycold.
Rainfallisoftenlessthan700mm.
XerophyticplantslikeAcacia,Tecomellagrowsintheseareas.
RannofKutchservesasbreedingplacefortheflamingoes.
GreatIndianBustard,camels,wildasses,blackbuck,snacksare
foundhere.

14. THAR DESRT-RAJASTHAN
17
th
LARGEST DESERT
85% IN INDIA AND REMAINING IN PAKISTAN
CROPS-EUCALYPTUS, ACACIA, JOJOBA
649KM INDIRA GANDHI CANAL BRINGS FRESH WATER
TO DESERT
PROTECTED AREAS -DESERT NATIONAL PARK -3162KM
2
44 VILLAGES-GREAT INDIAN BUSTARD, BLACK BUCK, BENGAL FOX
TAL CHHAPAR SANCTUARY -789SQ.KM-BIRD AREA
23 SPECIES OF LIZARDS, 25 SPECIES OF SNAKES, 141 SPECIES OF
BIRDS, INDIAN PEA FOWL
PLSES CULTIVATION
SECOND LARGEST SOURCE OF CEMENT IN INDIA
PETROL AND NATURAL GAS RESERVES
WIND POWER GENERATION 5500MV

15. XEROPHYTIC PLANTS

16. SALT DESERT-RANN OF KUTCH-GUJARAT
TROPICOFCANCERPASSESFROMHERE
SALTEXTRACTIONOPERATIONS
INDIANWILDASSSANCTUARY
KUTCHDESERTWILDLIFESANCTUARY
NARAYANSAROVARSANCTUARY
KUTCHBUSTARDSANCTUARY

17. GANGETIC PLAIN
ItextendsfromthehimalayafoothissinthenorthandcoversU.P,
BiharandW.B.
ThisistheIndia’smostfertileregionwithalluvialsedimentsand
Ganga,Brahmaputradeltas.
Thiszonehavinghighestpopulationdensity.
Highlydependedonagriculturebasedeconomy.
Animalslikeelephants,blackbuck,InidanRhino,crocodile,fresh
waterturtleareseenhere.

18. GANGETIC PLIAN

19. Gangetic Plains
Rhino
Otter Terrapin

21. ThisregionstrechesfromsoutherntiptoNorthabout1600km
uptothemouthofTapatiriver.
Coversonly5%ofIndia’slandbuthavingmorethan4000spp,
whichare1800areendemicspp.
Avghieghtofmountainsliesfrom900–150mfrommeansealevel.
Oneamongtheglobalhotspots
Nilgirilangaur,lion-tailedmacaque,malabargreyhornbillandother
14endemicspeciesarefoundinthiszone.
Revievesgoodrainfall,consiststemperatedecidousforestsand
mangroveforests.
WESTERN GHATS

22. WESTERN GHATS

23. Western-Ghats
Lion Tailed Macaque Malabar-civet Horn bill

24. Draco

25. MUGGER CROCODILE PURPLE FROG MALABAR GLIDING FROG
PIPE SNAKE
DENISONS BARB NILGIRI WOOD PEGION
BAMBOO FUNGUS
TAMIL LACE WING SNAIL

26. DECCAN PENINSULA

27. Largeareacovers43%India’sland.
Consistssouthern,centralandnorthernplateauwithtropical
drydeciduousforests.
BeingsituatedbeyondtheWesternGhats,itismostlysemi-arid
region.
Tigers,elephants,wildbuffaloesareseenhere.
DECCAN PLATEAU

28. Deccan Peninsula
Jerdon's Courser
(Rhinoptilus
bitorquatus)
Swamp deer
mugger

29. Itisthetransitionalzonebetweendesertandwesternghats,
comprisesM.P,ChhattisgarhandGujarat.
Vegetationisdiscontinuous.
Thornyshrubs,xerophyticplants,Tectonagrandis,Acacia,
Calotropisetc.
Birds,leopards,eagle,snakes,foxes,buffaloes,asiaticlionare
presentinthiszone.
SEMI-ARID ZONE

30. Thisistherichestregionintermsofvegetaionandrainfallas
muchas1000cm.
Denseelephantpopulationisfoundhere.
Mostlyevergreenandsemievergreenrainforests.
NORTH-EAST INDIA

31. COAST LINE
7516.6KMCOASTLINETOUCHING13STATESANDUNION
TERITORRIES
EASTCOAST-EASTERNGHATSTOBAYOFBENGAL,CONSISTS
OFDELTASINMAHANADI,GODAVARI,KRISHNA,KAVERIRIVERS
ANDCHILAKA,PULICATLAKES
WESTCOASTS-SHORTSTREAMS,LAKES,LAGOONS,
BACKWATERS
LARGEDEPOSITSOFMINERALOIL
SANDSOFKERALACOASTHAVELARGEDEPOSITSOFMOZANITE
WHICHISUSEDINNUCLEARPOWER
GUJARAT-SALTPRODUCTION
KERALABACKWATERS-TOURISTDESTINATIONS

32. COASTS OF INDIA

33. Coasts
Dugong
Sand Skink

34. COAST LINE
Presenceofbackwateraredistinctiveofthiscoastal
regions.
RiverslikeMahanadi,Godavari,Krishna,Cauverywith
extensivedeltaicsystems.
Estuariesandmangrovealsoobserved.
Highesttigerpopulationwithriceisthemaincrop
cultivatedintheseareas.

36. IslandsofLakshadweepintheArabiansea,Andamanand
NicobarislandsintheBayofBengalwithnearlyconsistsof325
islands.
Thiszoneexhibitsawidevarietyofcoastalvegetationof
mangroveplants.
Coralreefs,200endemichigherplantsarefoundhere.
ISLANDS

37. Islands
Dolphin Narcondam Hornbill olive ridley turtle

38. Islands
CORAL REEFS

40. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS

42. LAKSHADWEEP ISLANDS

43. ISLAND GROUPS OF INDIA
ANDAMANANDNICOBARISLANDS:WETEVERGREEN FORESTS,
86.2%FORESTAREAISCOVEREDBYMANGROVES
LAKSHADWEEP -SMALLESTUNIONTERRITORY
CORALISLANDS
600SPECIESOFMARINEFISH
78SPECIESOFCORALS
82SPECIESOFSEAWEED
52SPECIESOFCRABS
101SPECIESOFBIRDS

44. Thank you
Dr. SuriBabuGolla
Asst. Professor,
S.R.K.R. Engg. College,
Bhimavaram.