BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS in BIOLOGY PPT G. 7 & 8.pptx

BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

1. BIOLOGICA L HAZARDS

2. REPRESENTED B Y GRO U P # 7 & 8 GROUP 8 ZEESHAN HAIDER ROLL # 5237 M. WASEEM ROLL # 5274 SHAKIR HUSSAIN ROLL # 5269 TAYYAB AKRAM ROLL # 5235 TAHIR PITAFI ROLL # 5239 M. NAJEEB ROLL # 5240 GROUP 7 UMAIR KHAN ROLL # 5286 HASSAN RAZA ROLL # 5242 FAISAL REHMAN ROLL # 5264 M . ZAHID ROLL # 5222 ISHAQ IBRAHIM ROLL # 5270 HAJRA MALIK Roll # 5236 AMBER MARIA Roll # 5259

3. WHAT ARE BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS A biological hazard or biohazard is a biological substance that poses a threat to the health of living organism. It may be a sample of microorganism, virus, prions, or any toxic substance Red color coding or labeling is used for bio-infectious waste. Precautions are necessary while dealing with blood, body fluids or parts.

4. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS Infectious Waste Biohazards Reproductive Hazards Latex Sensitivity/Allergy

5. INFECTIOU S WASTE ▶ The EPA defines infectious waste as waste containing pathogens with enough virulence and quantity that exposure to them could result in an infectious disease in susceptible host. CONSIDER FOLLOWING FACTOR TO DECIDE IS SOMETHING INFECTIOUS : The number of microbes that can cause infection. The presence of portal of entry into susceptible host.

6. PROC E DUR E I N CASE O F CUT OR EXPOSUR E TO INFECTIOU S FL U IDS ▶ In case of penetrating injury or contaminated fluid may be a source of fluid/ blood borne disease such as: AIDS by HIV (Human Immuno deficiency Virus) transmission Hepatitis B

7. PROCEDURE APPLIED AFTER GETTING INJURY FOLLOWING PROCEDURES SHOULD BE APPLIED: Stop activity and back from point of contamination Squeeze the skin around the cut to expel contaminants Clean that site Report the injury according to policy Follow protocols established by facility

8. BIOHAZARDS A biohazard is a risk to human health or the environment arising from biological work, especially with microbes. All the patients are potential source of infection It defines occupational exposure as reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials during the course of duty. This contact includes blood, tissues and organs, and all body fluids

9. PUNCTURES AND NEEDLE-STICKS A penetrating injury (e.g . needle-stick , cut) or a splash (e.g., into the eye, onto mucous membranes) with fluid contaminated with blood or body fluids must not be ignored. Hepatitis , human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and other blood borne pathogens can be transmitted through breaks in the skin or contact with mucous membranes. The hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for all high-risk health care workers.

10. PUNCTURES AND NEEDLE-STICKS If exposure to blood or body fluid occurs, the following procedures should be performed : 1. Stop activity immediately and step back from the point of contamination . Remove glove. 2 . Squeeze the skin around the needle-stick or cut to expel blood and contaminants . 3. Cleanse the puncture site or flush the eye with cool water. Flush cut or puncture with alcohol or iodine preparation. Continue to squeeze blood until coagulation takes place.

11. S U RGICAL PLUME ▶ Surgical plume is a surgical smoke generated by the thermal destruction of tissue or bone. ▶ Twenty air changes with four fresh ,clean air duct filter and positive room pressure help minimize buildup of plume in the OT. ▶ Mask filtering particles of 0.1mm are recommended to prevent inhalation of plume particles. ▶ Smoke evacuators are used. ▶ PPE should be used to change filters of evacuators .

12. REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS MALE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IMPLICATIONS Chemical , radiologic and physical exposure can cause abnormalities in sperm number, shape and motility. Reaction depends on health status , agent and exposure Some chemicals can affect a man’s ability to perform sexually either because of importance or decrease of libido.

13. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IMPLICATIONS Ionizing radiations or agents may cause abortion or fetal abnormalities in pregnant employee. There should be proper policy for pregnant employees but female herself is responsible for own and her fetus health REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS

14. LATEX SENSITIVITY /ALL E RGY ▶ Many latex products such as latex gloves ,bandages , tubing etc. and latex free alternatives such as silk tape , silicon catheter etc. are used in OR. ▶ These products are classified as natural latex and synthetic. 6 to 7 percent of direct patient care personnel and surgeons are sensitive to natural rubber. Testing procedures are available for detection of latex allergy. ▶ Local and systematic response have been identified

15. LATEX SENSITIVITY /ALL E RGY LOCAL REACTIONS These are less severe, occur when latex come in direct contact causing skin rash and itching . SYSTEMATIC REACTION These are more severe , occur when latex product come in contact with mucous membrane causing shock and death.

16. RISK MANAGEMENT The perioperative environment is high risk environment so many safeguard protocols are used. ADMINISTRATION Regulations , guidelines, laws, polices, proper procedure, monitoring and employee services should be implemented. PREVENTION to prevent risk proper programs should held, employee should be trainee , and aware about location of emergency equipment. To avoid risk must use protective attires and preventive measures.

17. Continue… CORRECTION Faulty instruments should not be used , unsafe condition should be reported , injury should be reported as per recommendation. DOCUMMENTATION Complete medical record should available , new employee are provided with letter about occupational risk. Any type of injury should be reported to authorities.

18. ANY QUESTION?

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