Biological theory of crime

theory of crime

1. PREPARED BY UMAIR

2. LEARNING OUTLINE: The Defi The Descr

3. CRIME Definition Behaviour that breaks the formal laws of a given society . The punishment of crime will be more severe than the punishment of deviance.

4. Deviance Definition Differing from a norm or from the accepted standards of a society. Example Wearing a chicken suit to work would definitely be an example of deviance , unless of course you're a mascot.

5. Theories on Deviance & Crime There are many different theories on what causes a person to perform deviant behavior including; Classical School Explanations Psychological Explanations Sociological Explanations Biological Explanations

6. Classical Theory Classical theory of crime  reflects that humans as individuals are  independent and hence the crime is committed by them. After   rationally  and  carefully  calculating. That committing of crime gives more of pleasure  when compared to pain. The person should be punished according to the grade of crime performed by him.

7. Psychological Theory Definition Psychological theories of deviance use a deviant’s psychology to explain his motivation or compulsion to violate social norms.

8. Sociological Theory Definition . Sociological theories of deviance are those that use social context and social pressures to explain deviance.

9. Biological Explanation of Crime

10. Cesare Lombroso (1835–1909) Cesare Lombroso, born was an Italian criminologist , physician, and founder of the Italian School of Positivist Criminology C esare Lombroso rejected the Classical School explanation, which believed that crime was a characteristic of human nature and instead believed that criminality was inherited .

11. Cesare Lombroso (1835–1909) From this belief, he developed a Theory of Deviance. In which a person’s bodily constitution indicates whether or not an individual is a "born criminal . These "born criminals" are a throwback to an earlier stage of human evolution with the physical makeup, mental Capabilities and instincts of primitive man.

12. Cesare Lombroso (1835–1909) In developing his theory, C esare Lombroso observed the physical characteristics of Italian prisoners and compared them to those of Italian soldiers.

13. C esare Lombroso (1835–1909) Characteristics of Criminal: C esare Lombroso concluded that the criminals were physically different. The physical characteristics that he used to identify prisoners included; An asymmetry of the face or head Large monkey-like ears Large lips

14. Cesare Lombroso (1835–1909) Characteristics of Criminal : A twisted nose Excessive cheekbones Long arms Excessive wrinkles on the skin Large jaw Large chin

15. Cesare Lombroso (1835–1909) Lombroso declared that Males with five or more of these characteristics could be marked as born criminals. Females , on the other hand, only needed as few as three of these characteristics to be born criminals.

16. Cesare Lombroso (1835–1909) Lombroso also believed that tattoos were markings of born criminals because they stood as evidence of both immortality and insensitivity to physical pain.

17. Y Chromosome Theory The extra Y chromosome theory is the belief that criminals have an extra Y chromosome, giving them an XYY chromosome makeup rather than an XY makeup, that creates a strong compulsion within them to commit crimes.

18. Y Chromosome Theory This person is sometimes called the "super male." Some studies have found that the proportion of XYY males in the prison population is higher than the general male population (1 to 3 percent versus less than 1 percent), however other studies don’t provide evidence that supports this theory.

19. William Sheldon Theory Sheldon believed that people could be classified into 3 body shapes, which correspond with 3 different personality types . Endomorphic (fat and soft) Ectomorphic (thin and fragile) Mesomorphic (muscular and hard)

20. William Sheldon Theory

21. William Sheldon Theory Endomorphs are considered soft and fat. They are described as having a soft body, underdeveloped muscles, a round physique, and they often have difficulty losing weight. Example John Goodman Roseanne Barr Jack Black are all celebrities that would be considered endomorphs

22. William Sheldon Theory Ectomorphs are thin and fragile. Their body is described as flat-chested, fragile, lean, lightly muscled, small shouldered, and thin. Example Kate Moss Edward Norton Lisa Kudrow Are all celebrities that could be described as ectomorphs.

23. William Sheldon Theory Mesomorphs are muscular and athletic. Their body is described as hourglass shaped (female) or rectangular shaped (male), muscular, has excellent posture, gains muscle easily, and has thick skin.

24. William Sheldon Theory Example Bruce Willis Sylvester Stallone (Rambo) Mesomorphs, according to Sheldon, are the most prone to commit crime .

25. What are the merits of these theories?

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