BiologyforMajors_01_IntroductiontoBiology.pptx

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1. Introduction to Biology Biology for Majors

2. Properties of Life All living organisms share several key characteristics: order sensitivity or response to the environment reproduction growth and development regulation homeostasis energy processing 

3. Properties of Life: Order Organisms are highly organized

4. Properties of Life: Sensitivity Organisms respond to diverse stimuli

5. Properties of Life: Reproduction Organisms can reproduce, creating new life

6. Properties of Life: Growth Organisms grow and develop

7. Properties of Life: Regulation Organisms have regulatory mechanisms to cope with environmental stresses

8. Properties of Life: Homeostasis Organisms have regulatory mechanisms to cope with environmental stresses

9. Properties of Life: Energy Processing All organisms use a source of energy for their metabolic activities. Photosynthesis Cellular Respiriation

10. Organization of Matter Atoms: the fundamental unit of matter Atoms form molecules Many molecules that are biologically important are macromolecules Aggregates of macromolecules form organelles Organelles together create a cell DNA is an example of a molecule

11. Organization of Life From a single organelle to the entire biosphere, living organisms are part of a highly structured hierarchy. 

12. Features of All Cells All cells have four components: A plasma membrane Cytoplasm DNA Ribosomes

13. Prokaryotic Cells Nucleoid (no nucleus) No membrane-bound organelles Cell wall Some prokaryotes have flagella or pili

14. Practice Question Let’s revisit the hierarchy chart for blood cells. How would this be different for a prokaryotic cell?

15. Eukaryotic Cells Typically larger than a prokaryotic cell True nucleus meaning its DNA is surrounded by a membrane Other membrane-bound organelles

16. Relative Sizes of Cells

17. What is Biodiversity? Biodiversity refers to the variety of life and its processes variety among different living organisms the variety within populations

18. Phylogeny These phylogenetic trees show the relationship of the three domains of life—Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

19. Taxonomy Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms. Using the chart at the right, what is the scientific name for the common dog in binomial nomenclature?

20. Branches of Biology Branch Studies Paleontology history of life using fossils Molecular biology and Biochemistry biological processes at the molecular and chemical level. Microbiology structure and function of single-celled organisms.  Neurobiology the nervous system Zoology animals Botany plants Genetics heredity and genes Ecology how organisms interact with other organisms and with their environment Biotechnology how to use biological processes, for example manipulating micro-organisms to produce medicines Forensic Biology applications of biology to law Physiology functions of organisms and their parts And many more!

21. Scientific Inquiry Forming a Hypothesis – Hypotheses must be testable and falsifiable. Experimental Design – Consider sample size and selection and how to avoid bias. Experimental Variables – Determine the independent and dependent variables and what variables to control in the experiment. Interpreting Results – Gather data by measuring the dependent variable then assess whether the results are statistically significant

22. Quick Review What are the defining characteristics of biological life? What are the different kinds of cells that make up different kinds of organisms? What are the classification and organizational tools biologists use, including modern taxonomy? Describe biology as a science. What are the key components of scientific inquiry?