BIOMECHANICS IN THE WORLD OF PATHFIT.pptx

is the science of the movement of a living body, including how muscles, bones, tendons, and ligaments work together to move. Biomechanics is part of the larger field of kinesiology, specifically focusing on movement mechanics. In short, it's the study and analysis of how all the individual parts of your body work together to make up athletic and everyday movements.

1. BIOMECHANICS PathFit2 Instructor:

2. WHAT IS BIOMECHANICS? is the science of the movement of a living body, including how muscles, bones, tendons, and ligaments work together to move. Biomechanics is part of the larger field of kinesiology, specifically focusing on movement mechanics. In short, it's the study and analysis of how all the individual parts of your body work together to make up athletic and everyday movements. is the study of human movement including the interaction between the participant and equipment. Primarily these studies are broken down into two broad areas: kinetics (the study of forces acting on the body) and kinematics (the study of movements of the body).

3. WHAT IS IMPORTANCE OF BIOMECHANICS IN SPORTS? Sports biomechanics studies human motion during exercise and sports. Physics and the laws of mechanics are applied to athletic performance.

4. FOR EQUIPMENT Biomechanics can be used in the design of sports equipment, clothing, shoes, and the fields and facilities where sports are played. Running Shoes: Biomechanical principles are utilized in the design of running shoes to enhance performance and reduce the risk of injury. Features such as cushioning, stability, and midsole stiffness are engineered based on biomechanical research to provide optimal support and shock absorption during running. Sports Protective Gear: Biomechanics influences the design of sports helmets and protective gear to minimize the risk of head and body injuries. Helmet construction, padding materials, and impact absorption technologies are optimized based on biomechanical studies to provide effective protection against concussions, skull fractures, and other traumatic injuries.

5. FOR INDIVIDUALS Biomechanics can be applied to individuals, analyzing their movements and coaching them for more effective movement during exercise and sports movement. Sports Performance Analysis: Biomechanical analysis can help athletes optimize their performance by assessing their technique and movement patterns. This analysis may involve using motion capture technology to analyze joint angles, forces, and timing during movements like running, jumping, or throwing. By identifying areas for improvement, athletes can refine their technique to enhance performance and reduce the risk of injury. Recreational Activities and Daily Functioning: Biomechanical principles can benefit individuals in various recreational activities and daily tasks. Whether it's gardening, lifting heavy objects, or playing a musical instrument, understanding proper biomechanics can help individuals perform these activities more efficiently and safely, reducing the risk of strain or injury. By applying biomechanical principles to these areas, individuals can optimize their movement patterns, enhance performance, prevent injuries, and improve overall well-being in various aspects of their lives.

6. FOR INJURIES Biomechanics can be applied to studying the causes, treatment, and prevention of sports injuries. The research can analyze the forces at work that can lead to an ankle sprain and how shoe design or the playing surface might reduce the risk of injury. Injury Mechanisms: Biomechanics helps researchers and clinicians understand how injuries occur by analyzing the forces, stresses, and strains acting on the body during various activities or events. By studying the biomechanics of injury mechanisms, such as falls, collisions, or repetitive movements, experts can identify the specific factors that contribute to injury occurrence and severity.

7. FOR TRAINING Biomechanics can study sports techniques and training systems and develop ways to make them more efficient. It can propose and analyze new training techniques based on the mechanical demands of the sport, aimed at resulting in better performance. Technique Analysis: Biomechanical analysis allows coaches and trainers to assess an individual's movement patterns and technique during sports-specific actions, such as running, jumping, throwing, or lifting. By using tools like motion capture systems or wearable sensors, biomechanists can quantify key biomechanical parameters, such as joint angles, forces, and timing of muscle activation, to identify areas for improvement in technique. By analyzing biomechanical data, coaches and trainers can provide feedback and guidance to athletes on how to optimize their movement patterns, increase efficiency, and enhance performance outcomes, such as speed, power, or accuracy .

8. TOOLS USED IN BIOMECHANICS Electromyography (EMG) Sensors These sensors are placed on the skin and measure the amount and degree of muscle fiber activation in certain muscles during tested exercises. Commonly used in biomechanics research, sports science, physical therapy, and rehabilitation to study muscle function, movement patterns, and neuromuscular control. Are used to study muscle activation patterns, muscle timing, and muscle coordination during various movements and activities, such as walking, running, jumping, and lifting. In sports science, EMG is used to analyze technique, assess muscle imbalances, and optimize training programs to enhance performance and reduce the risk of injury.

9. DYNAMOMETERS Measure the force output generated during muscle contractions to see whether muscles are as strong as they should be. They are commonly used to measure grip strength, which is an indicator of general strength, health, and longevity.  

10. ELEMENTS OF BIOMECHANIC 1. MOTION is the movement of the body or an object through space.

11. Two (2) Types of Motion Linear Motion In linear motion, the particles move from one point to another in either a straight line or a curved path. The linear motion depending on the path of motion, is further divided as follows Sliding Door Swimming in a Straight Line. Parade Motion of a Car on a Straight Road. Free Fall of Objects Moving of a train in straight rail-tracks. Elevators/Lift Rectilinear Motion – The path of the motion is a straight line. Curvilinear Motion – The path of the motion is curved. b. Rotatory Motion Rotary motion refers to the movement of an object around an axis or a center point in a circular or rotational manner. This type of motion is characterized by an object's rotation or revolution about a fixed point, rather than linear movement along a straight path.  

12. ELEMENTS OF MOTION 2. FORCE Is typically described as a push or pull exerted on an object as a result of its interaction with another object or its environment. It is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction .

13. Types of Forces a. Contact Forces b. Non-contact Forces

14. ELEMENTS OF MOTION 3. MOMENTUM the quantity that is used to describe the state of motion of an object with a non-zero mass . It indicates how difficult it would have been to stop the thing. - A baseball is swooping through the air. - A large truck is moving. - A bullet discharged from such a firearm.

15. ELEMENTS OF MOTION 4. LEVERS a rigid bar that moves about a fixed point called a fulcrum (The fulcrum is the point on which a lever pivots. The fulcrum provides support to the lever) . . In the body, bones act as levers and joints act as fulcrums. Movement is created by two forces - resistance (R), the opposing force, and effort (E), the action force .

16. ELEMENTS OF MOTION 5. BALANCE A n individuals ability to maintain their line of gravity within their Base of support (BOS). It can also be described as the ability to maintain equilibrium, where equilibrium can be defined as any condition in which all acting forces are cancelled by each other resulting in a stable balanced system.

17. PRINCIPLES OF BIOMECHANICS ? 1. Stability refers to the ability of an object, system, or structure to maintain its equilibrium or resist being displaced from its current position.

18. PRINCIPLES OF BIOMECHANICS ? 2. Maximum Effort The production of maximum force requires the use of all the joints that can be used. Athletes should perform slower, controlled movements and high intensity. Body segments usually move at the same time. The more joints used in a movement the more muscles contracting more force exerted.

19. PRINCIPLES OF BIOMECHANICS ? 3. Maximum Velocity can be achieved by combining the speed of previous movements and transferring this speed to the final segment or implement – hand, foot, stick etc. used to propel another object.

20. PRINCIPLES OF BIOMECHANICS ? Principle #4 The greater the applied impulse, the greater the increase in velocity. If a skill requires maximal application of force, the joint should be moved through a larger range of motion. Force is applied for longer and impulse is greater. Principle #5 Movement usually occurs in the direction opposite that of the applied force. Newton’s 3rd Law

21. Newton’s 3rd Law a. Law of Inertia b. Law of Acceleration c. Law of Reaction

22. PRINCIPLES OF BIOMECHANICS ? Principle #6 Angular Motion plays a key part in all sport. Circular motion that occurs around an imaginary line called the axis or rotation. Moment of force or torque. Angular motion is produced by the application of a force acting at some distance from an axis, that is, a torque. Principle #7 Angular momentum is constant when an athlete or object is free in the air. Once airborne an athlete will travel with a constant angular momentum Example: Diver rotates in air, momentum constant while in air. Can change rate of rotation by repositioning limbs or trunk.

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