Bioplastic in polymer chemistry recent advances.ppt

Bioplastic in polymer chemistry recent advances.ppt

2. Why Bioplastic?
•These days plastics are predominantly made
from crude oil
•In this context, renewable resources are
becoming a more viable and promising
alternative for the plastics industry
•When plastics made from petroleum are burned,
they release the carbon dioxide contained in
the petroleum into the atmosphere, leading to
global warming.
•The use of bioplastics offers significant
advantages not only in an ecological sense but
also in an economical sense.

3. •Bioplastics are a form of plastics derived from
plant sources such as sweet potatoes,
sugarcane, hemp oil, soy bean oil and corn
starch.
•Bioplastics are environmentally friendly because,
compared with traditional plastics, their
production results in the emission of less carbon
dioxide, which is thought to cause global
warming.
•They are also biodegradable, meaning that the
material returns to its natural state when buried
in the ground.

4. •What
 are  Bioplas(cs?   What  are  Bioplas;cs?  
Bioplas;cs
 :  Substances  made  from  organic
 
biomass  sources,  such  as  vegetable  oils,      
 
                                   starch,  or
 
microorganism   Biomass  :    Renewable
 
sources  from  living  (or  recently  living)  plant
 
and  animal  materials                                        
 
which  can  be  used  as  fuel     Biopolymers  :
 
polymers  produced  by  living  organisms
 
(polymeric  biomolecules)  

5. •Currently, biomass plastics based on plant-derived
materials are in practical use.
•The plastics are high-polymer materials made of raw
materials consisting of starch, sugar, or cellulose
contained in plants.
•the lactic acid is fermented from starch.
•Even if CO2 is ejected when polylactic acid is
incinerated, it is utilized in photosynthesis by growing
plants that are used as materials; the CO2 in the
atmosphere does not increase (carbon-neutral).
Therefore, it is an environmentally-friendly material that
does not contribute to global warming (Figure 1).

7. Environmental impacts
•Environmental impacts Bioplastics are

designed to biodegrade. Bioplastics which are
designed to biodegrade can break down in either
anaerobic or aerobic environments, depending
on how they are manufactured. Bioplastics are

environmentally friendly because their
production results in the emission of less carbon
dioxide, which is thought to cause global
warming. They are also biodegradable,

meaning that the material returns to its natural
state when buried in the ground.

8. Advantage
•Non-toxic or less toxic
•Lower energy costs in manufacture
•Ecofriendly
•Improved acceptability to many
households
•Reduce global warming.
•Safe for medicinal and households uses.

9. Disadvantage
•Uses Genetically Modified processes
•Cost up to three times more than regular
Plastic
•Use of fertilizers and pesticides for crops

10. Applications
Packaging
•The use of bioplastics for shopping bags is
already very common.
•After their initial use they can be reused as bags
for organic waste and then be composted.
•Trays and containers for fruit, vegetables, eggs
and meat, bottles for soft drinks and dairy
products and blister foils for fruit and vegetables
are also already widely manufactured from
bioplastics.

11. Catering products
•Catering products belong to the group of
perishable plastics.
•Disposable crockery and cutlery, as well
as pots and bowls, pack foils for
hamburgers and straws are being dumped
after a single use, together with
foodleftovers, forming huge amounts of
waste, particularly at big events.

12. •Gardening
•Within the agricultural economy and the gardening
sector mulch foils made of biodegradable material and
flower pots made of decomposable bioplastics are
predominantly used due to their adjustable lifespan and
the fact that these materials do not leave residues in the
soil.
•This helps reduce work and time (and thus cost) as
these products can simply be left to decompose, after
which they are ploughed in to the soil.
•Plant pots used for flowering and vegetable plants can
be composted along with gardening and kitchen litter.

13. • Medical Products
•In comparison to packaging, catering or
gardening sectors, the medical sector sets out
completely different requirements with regards to
products made of renewable and reabsorbing
plastics.
•The highest possible qualitative standards have
to be met and guaranteed, resulting in an
extremely high costs, which sometimes exceed
1.000 Euro per kilo.
•The potential applications of biodegradable or
reabsorbing bioplastics are manifold.

14. •Sanitary Products
•Due to their specific characteristics, bioplastics
are used as a basis for the production of
sanitary products.
•These materials are breathable and allow water
vapor to permeate, but at the same time they are
waterproof.
•Foils made of soft bioplastic are already used as
diaper foil, bed underlay, for incontinence
products, ladies sanitary products and as
disposable gloves

15. Types of Bioplastics
•Starch-based plastics constituting about
50 percent of the bioplastics market,
thermoplastic starch, currently represents
the most widely used bioplastic. Pure
starch possesses the characteristic of
being able to absorb humidity, therefore
Flexibiliser and plasticiser such as sorbitol
and glycerine are added so the starch can
also be processed thermo-plastically.
Packaging peanuts made from bioplastics

16. •STARCH BASED BIOPLASTIC
•Abundant in agricultural and easier to
access with cheapest prices
•Contain Amylose and Amylopectin
polymers

17. Starch
•Starch is a well–known hydrocolloid biopolymer.
•It is a low cost polysaccharide, abundantly available and
one of the cheapest biodegradable polymers
•Starch is produced by agricultural plants in the form of
granules, which are hydrophilic. Starch is mainly
extracted from potatoes, corn, wheat and rice. It is
composed of amylose (poly-α-1,4-D-glucopyranoside), a
linear and crystalline polymer and amylopectin (poly-α-
1,4-Dglucopyranoside and α-1,6-D-glucopyranoside), a
branched and amorphous polymer. Starch hasdifferent
proportions of amylose and amylopectin ranging from
about 10–20% amylase and 80–90% amylopectin
depending on the source

18. •Starch-based polymers Mater-Bi®• Maize
and/or potatoe starch in blend with
polycaprolactones and other
biodegradable esters• Europeas most
common bioplastic

19. Plantic® Starch from maize and
hydroxypropyl, Plantic Technologies
(AUS)
Solanyl® Starch from potatoes, Rodenburg
Biopolymers (NL)
Bioplast® Starch blend, Biotec (DE)
Biopar® Starch from potatoes and blends,
Biop AG (D) Similar to PE (converting)
Limited applications