Biorelated polymers

What is scope of Biopolymers???
Carbon neutral…low environmental footprints
Petrochemicals will eventually deplete
Biopolymers are Renewable & Sustainable industry

1. Biopolymers (Scope and recent advances) ADVANCED POLYMER CHEMISTRY:0462 Presenter: Sana Jamshaid (21750145) Course Advisor: Raji Atchudan  

2. Contents Bio-Renewable polymers Biomaterials Edible biopolymer

3. What are Biopolymers? Biorenewable Biodegradable Biomaterials Any biorelated polymeric material

4. Properties of Biopolymers Renewable Sustainable Biodegradable Non-Toxic Non-Immunogenic Non-Carcinogenic Non- Thrombogenic Carbon neutral

5. Applications of Biopolymers Coatings Fibers Plastics Adhesives Cosmetics Oil Industry Paper Textiles/clothing Water treatment Biomedical Pharmaceutical Automotive Rubber

6. What is scope of Biopolymers??? Carbon neutral…low environmental footprints Petrochemicals will eventually deplete Biopolymers are Renewable & Sustainable industry

7. Biorenewable biopolymers Polymers of biological origin Carbohydrates…..starch Proteins……haemoglobin Nucleic acids….DNA Lipids…..

8. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are organic compounds 1C:2H:1O Source of energy……..sugars Store of energy………..starch Structural materials….polysaccharides Components of other molecules e.g. DNA, RNA, glycolipids , glycoproteins

9. Some Important Carbohydrates Starch……… plants energy storage Glycogen…….animals energy storage Cellulose ……… cell walls Chitin………… the exoskeleton of arthropods

10. Proteins Polymers of amino acids covalently linked through peptide bonds Natural organic molecules….C, H, O, N Monomers……. amino acids

11. Building blocks of proteins There are 20 different amino acids All 20 amino acids share the same basic structure Every amino acid contains - an amino group - a carboxyl group - a hydrogen atom - a central carbon atom - R (alkyl/aryl) group

12. Polypeptide A long chain of amino acids…POLYPEPTIDE Proteins are composed of one or more polypeptides

13. Common example of Proteins Muscles Many enzymes are proteins Biological catalysts Structural role…….cytoskeleton Hormones

14. Lipids Large, nonpolar organic molecules and do NOT dissolve in Water! Fatty Acids Triglycerides Phospholipids Waxes and Oils Steroids

15. Fatty Acids Linear carbon chains Unsaturted fatty acids……carbon chain contains double bonds (e.g. plant seeds) Saturated fatty acids……carbon chain contains single bonds (e.g. butter, fats and red meat Compose cell membranes

16. Waxes A long fatty acid chain joined to a long alcohol chain Waterproof Form a protective coating in animals & plants

17. Steroids Four fused carbon rings …..cholesterol Many animal hormones are steroid compounds

18. Nucleic Acids Large and complex organic molecules that store and transfer genetic information in the cell Types of nucleic acids DNA =deoxyribonucleic acid RNA = Ribonucleic acid

19. Biomaterials Any material used to replace part of a living system or to function in intimate contact with living tissue Natural/synthetic/blend e.g. sutures, tooth fillings, bone replacements, artificial eyes etc.

20. Characteristics of a Biomaterial Biocompatibility Pharmacologically acceptable Chemically inert & stable Adequate mechanical strength Sound engineering design Proper weight & density Cost effective Reproducible Easy to process at large scale

21. Polymeric Biomaterials Natural polymeric biomaterials Collagen, Chitosan , Alginate Synthetic polymeric biomaterials PVC, PP, PS, PU Degradable polymeric biometrials PLA, PGLA

22. Natural Polymers as Biomaterials Polymers derived from living creatures “Scaffolds” grow cells to replace damaged tissue Biodegradable Non-toxic Mechanically similar to the replaced tissue Capable of attachment with other molecules Natural polymers used as biomaterials Collagen, Chitosan and Alginate

23. Collagen Consist of three intertwined protein chains, helical structure Collagen…..non-toxic , minimal immune response Can be processed into a variety formats Porous sponges, Gels, and Sheets Applications Surgery, Drug delivery, Prosthetic implants and tissue-engineering of multiple organs

24. Chitosan Derived from chitin, present in hard exoskeletons of shellfish like shrimp and crab Chitosan desirable properties Minimal foreign body reaction Mild processing conditions Controllable mechanical biodegradation properties Applications In the engineering of cartilage, nerve, and liver tissue, wound dressing and drug delivery devices

25. Alginate A polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed -Can be processed easily in water -non-toxic -Biodegradable -controllable porosity Forms a solid gel under mild processing conditions Applications in Liver, nerve, heart, cartilage & tissue-engineering

26. Synthetic Polymers as Biomaterials Advantages of Synthetic Polymers Ease of manufacturability process ability reasonable cost The Required Properties Biocompatibility Sterilizability Physical Property Manufacturability Applications Medical disposable supplies, Prosthetic materials, Dental materials, implants, dressings, polymeric drug delivery, tissue engineering products

27. Biodegradable Polymers as Biomaterials Advantages on biodegradable polymer Didn’t leave traces of residual in the implantation Regenerate tissue Desirable properties are greater hydrophilicity greater reactivity greater porosity Most widely used Polylactide (PLA), Polyglycolide (PGA), Poly( glycolide -co- lactide ) (PGLA) Applications Tissue screws, suture anchores , cartilage repair Drug-delivery system

28. Edible polymers (Edible coating or packaging o f f ood materials)

29. what is an edible packaging…….? An edible film or coating is simply defined as a thin continuous layer of edible material formed on, placed on, or between the foods or food components. The package is an integral part of the food, which can be eaten as a part of the whole food product.

30. Edible coatings Applied and formed directly on foods (e.g. by spraying, immersion, fluidization) via a coating-forming solution; W ill be part of the food and must therefore provoke no unwanted changes (organoleptic, physical, chemical).

31. Advantages of edible films Environment friendly, as fully consumed or biodegradable, recyclable. Reduce the waste & solid disposal problem. Enhances organoleptic properties like color, sweetness etc Enhances nutritional values by supplementation Individual packaging is possible for fruits like strawberry. Film can be used as interface between the layers of heterogeneous foods to prevent deterioration Film can work as carrier anti microbial or antioxidant agents Film can be used as micro encapsulation of flavoring agents.

32. Advantages of edible films Environment friendly, as fully consumed or biodegradable , recyclable . Reduce the waste & solid disposal problem. Enhances organoleptic properties like color, sweetness etc Enhances nutritional values by supplementation Individual packaging is possible for fruits like strawberry. Film can be used as interface between the layers of heterogeneous foods to prevent deterioration Film can work as carrier anti microbial or antioxidant agents Film can be used as micro encapsulation of flavoring agents.

33. “ Ooho ” Edible  packaging  for water The aim of  Ooho   is to provide the convenience of plastic bottles while limiting the environmental impacts.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qphMFhwDvI8 Recent Research in edible coating  

34. The End Thank you