BIOREMEDIATION AND PRODUCTION OF BIO-FUEL (1).pptx

the topic is about bioremediation and production of bio fuel

1. BIOREMEDIATION AND PRODUCTION OF BIO-FUEL

2. Bioremediation Brief/introduction Bioremediation is a branch of biotechnology that employs the use of living organisms, like microbes and bacteria to decontaminate affected areas. It is used in the removal of contaminants, pollutants, and toxins from soil, water, and other environments. Bioremediation is used to clean up oil spills or contaminated groundwater. Bioremediation may be done "in situ"–at the site of the contamination–or "ex situ"–away from the site. 

3. Bioremidiation cycle

4. Types of Bioremediation

5. Based on Microorganisms:

6. Based on Types of Degradation : So, based on the principle of degradation, bioremediation is of two types; Biotransformation In the biotransformation process, various organic components are partially degraded, and the remaining portion is transformed into various other organic matters. Biomineralization Biomineralization is another type of bioremediation where microorganisms digest and convert organic waste nutrients into inorganic materials like water,  carbon dioxide , etc.

7. Examples of Bioremediation Examples of Bioremediation We already discussed several examples above in the in-situ and ex-situ techniques; besides them some other cases are Bio-stimulation In the bio-stimulation process, the stimulation of existing microorganisms occurs by modifying the environmental conditions. For substrates like methane, phenol, or toluene, the process utilizes microbes such as soil microorganisms, groundwater microorganisms, aquifer microorganisms, groundwater methanotrophic bacterium. It is one of the major examples of bioremediation. Bioaugmentation Bio-augmentation is another excellent instance of bioremediation. It involves using autochthonous or allochthonous (wild or genetically modified) microorganisms to treat harmful contaminants in the site. However, the oil-contaminated environment is most suitable for it.

8. Advantages and Disadvantages of Bioremediation ADVANTAGES It is beneficial to degrade the pollutants from a wide variety of contaminants This technology can treat the contaminants in their original location Affordable and thus economy friendly. Environment friendly  as well, because the output we get is not harmful to the environment. DISADVANTAGES Limited to biodegradable compounds. Proper microbial population and proliferation required. This is because biological mechanisms are highly precise. It takes lots of time to accomplish the process.

9. Conclusion Bioremediation is a thriving technique for eradicating biological contaminants like crude oil, herbicides, pesticides, petroleum products, solvents with halogenation, and much more. We should accomplish the process at a very low expense and not negatively affect our environment. Moreover, Various other research and developments are going on to develop exclusive economic and environment-friendly techniques. This can be helpful in the degeneration of hazardous pollutants that are unable to degrade before. Here all points we covered to make you understand what biodegradation is and its types and the limitations of this process.

10. PRODUCTION OF BIO-FUEL Creating energy and fuel from biomass  Biomass energy includes biogas, liquid biofuels (biodiesel, ethanol, methanol, butanol), and solid biofuels (typically wood, but could be any solid burned to create energy from heat). Solid biofuels can be burned directly to create energy, but both biogas and liquid biofuels must go through a conversion process to become usable fuel .  The three main processes by which energy can be obtained from biomass are :   Direct consumption by burning solid fuel to power generators.  Bacterial decomposition, which is also called  anaerobic digestion . In this process, bacteria digest wet waste without being exposed to oxygen to create methane gas.  Conversion to liquid or gaseous fuels. 

11. Applications of bio-fuels

12. The two most common types of biofuel are  bioethanol  and  biodiesel Bioethanol is an  alcohol  made by  fermentation , mostly from  carbohydrates  produced in  sugar  or  starch  crops such as  maize ,  sugarcane , or  sweet sorghum Biodiesel is produced from oils or fats using  transesterification . It can be used as a fuel for vehicles in its pure form (B100), but it is usually used as a  diesel  additive to reduce levels of particulates,  carbon monoxide , and  hydrocarbons  from diesel-powered vehicles. .

13. FIRST GENERATION BIOFUELS Biofuels, which derive energy from the conventional source or food sources are called first-generation biofuels. Examples:   Bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas   Advantages : The infrastructure i.e. land for cultivation, techniques for their production is easily available. The process of conversion of corn-starch and sugarcane into ethanol is very simple. Disadvantages : The use of food sources in the production of biofuels has created an imbalance in food economy The repeated cultivation of biofuel-producing-crops leads to soil erosion. The use of fertilizers to enhance production leads to the emission of Nitrous Oxide into the atmosphere.

14. SECOND GENERATION BIOFUELS The fuels derived from non-food sources and the waste left from the food resources are called second generation biofuels. Examples:   cellulose ethanol, biodiesel. Advantages: The non-food sources don’t affect the food economy and are easily available. Disadvantages: Use of fossil fuels in the industrial production of biofuels may emit greenhouse gases THIRD GENERATION BIOFUELS Fuels derived from the algae are called third generation biofuels. Examples: Biodiesel,2 Butanol ,3 Gasoline, 4 Jet fuel, 5 Methane Advantages : Environmental friendly – The algae can be grown in wastewater and helps in the decomposition of waste Easy to cultivate– The algae can be cultivated in multiple areas Disadvantages : The algae require a large amount of water, nitrogen and phosphorous for growth.. Biodiesel produced from the algae is not stable because oil produced from algae

15. Bio-ethanol vs biogas vs Bio-diesel Bio-ethanol Bioethanol is derived from corn and sugarcane using fermentation process. Ethanol may be used as a blended form with gasoline which is called gasohol. Bioethanol is used as an alternative source of petrol. It produces very less or no amount of harmful gases as compared to petrol. Bio-diesel It is derived from vegetable oils like soybean oil or palm oil, vegetable waste oils, and animal fats by a biochemical process called “Transesterification.” It is an alternative for the conventional diesel fuel. It produces very less or no amount of harmful gases as compared to diesel. BIOGAS It is the gaseous form of biofuel. Biogas is produced by anaerobic decomposition of organic matter like sewage from animals and humans. The decomposition of sewage produces methane gas, which is used as a fuel and the leftover material called slurry is used as manure in the agriculture fields.

16. CONCLUSION Based on everything that has been said so far we can conclude how biofuels are not exactly a perfect solution that we should be using straight away to satisfy our energy demand. Negative sides also have to be looked at. Of course when we compare them with fossil fuels biofuels do look almost perfect, especially since fossil fuels are not renewable sources of energy nor are they ecologically acceptable. T his new type of fuel that is still in early development phase and that still needs determination of all consequences of its use.