Bioremediation, principle and types

teaching materials. special for teachers. Includes, introduction of Bioremediation, its principle, types, techniques.

1. BIO REMEDIATION Prepared by Prashant Dahal BSc. Microbiology Sunsari Technical College

2. EARTH WITHOUT HUMAN

3. EARTH DUE TO HUMAN

4. Main cause for change is “POLLUTION” To secure the future of not the EARTH but of HUMAN it is now compulsory to immediately control “POLLUTION” and reverse the scenario to original Mother nature has developed a system to reverse the case ; i.e. BIOREMEDIATION

5. INTRODUCTION BIO REMEDIATION Grk . Bios = living Lt. Remedialis = Curing / healing Simply, use of living organisms (microbes & plants) to consume and break down env . pollutants, & restoring or cleaning polluted sites Biological catalysts acts on pollutants, thereby eliminating contaminants present in environments

6. Principle Based on principle of biodegradation. The process utilize microbes (or plants) for pollutant degradation inoculated via natural attenuation, bioaugmentation or biostimualtion . The wates are degraded by biodeterioration and biodegradation method. At favourable condition, microbes consume the contaminants and convert them into harmless organic or inorganic byproducts.

7. Broad category Based on types of living organisms used; Microbial remediation Phyto -remediation a . Rhizosphere biodegradation b. Phyto -stabilization c. Phyto -accumulation d. Phyto -volatilization e. Phyto -degradation f. Rhizofiltration (Hydroponic system) g. Hydraulic control

8. Types / Methods In-situ Pollutants are treated on the site of pollution Ex-situ Pollutants are taken away and treated away from their origin site

9. Types: Intrinsic in-situ (naturally occuring microbes are used ) Engineered (accelerated) in-situ (bio-engineered microbes are introduced and growth of microbes are encouraged by supplying growth promoters) Techniques used; Bio-venting Bio- sparging Bio-stimulation Bio-augmentation Bio-slurping Phytoremediatio n In-situ bioremediation

10. BIO-VENTING

11. BIO- sparging

12. BIO-VENTING

13. BIO-augmentation

14. Types: Solid-phase (solid organic wastes are used, like: domestic & agricultural waste, industrial wastes, sewage sludge, municipal solid wastes) Slurry-phase (liquid suspensions are used, like: sewage sludge, waste-water, solids suspended on water) Techniques used; Land- farming (Bio-farming) Bio-piles Composting Bio-reactors system EX-situ bioremediation

15. In-situ Minimal site disruption Minimal exposure to public and personnel Low cost Larger vol. can be covered No-pretreatment Time consuming Seasonal effect Lack of innate microbes Uncontrollable Ex-situ Excavation of soils Risk of exposure High cost Limited amount Pretreatment Faster Environmental control Different types of contaminants at a time Additional microbes

16. BIO-farming

17. BIO-piles

18. BIO-reactor system Aerated- lagoon

19. Advantages natural, eco-friendly method Stabilization & termination of toxic pollutants Control pollution effects Cheaper, easier, faster Disadvantages Limited to biodegradable wastes Specific processes Ex-situ can disperse pollutants Toxicity and bioavailability of biodegradable products are not always known