Bioresource of Assam AHSEC class 12 Biology notes

Bioresource of Assam
AHSEC class 12 Biology notes by M MAB ® Learning.
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1. BioresourceofAssam
MedicinalPlants:
Plants ScientificnameFamily Usedpart
Cinchona Cinchona
officinalis
Rubiaceae Bark
Use:
1.Barkisthesourceof'quinine'andusedinMalaria.
2.Itisalsousedinthetreatmentofwhoopingcough,feveretc.
Rauwolfia
(Sarpagandha)
Rauvolfia
serpentina
ApocynaceaeRoots
Use:
1.Rootisusedinthetreatmentofhighbloodpressure,hypertension.
2.Alkaloidreserpineusedinthisplantusedinthetreatmentofnervous
breakdown,insomnia.
Aswagandha
(Assamese)
Withania
somnifera
Solanaceaecompleteplants
Use:
1.Juiceofrootsandleavesareusedinrheumaticpain,swelling.
2.Thisplantisalsousedinalmostallkindsofnervousdisorders.
Neem Azadirachta
indica
Meliaceae mainlyleaves,
roots,bark
Use:
1.Usedinthetreatmentofvariousskindiseases.
2.Juicefromtheleavesofneemisalsousedinsmallpox.

2. Belladona Atropa
belladonna
SolanaceaeDryleavesand
roots
Use:
1.Itisusedaspainkillerandusedinasthma.
2.Thisplantisalsousedincough,rheumatism.
Tulsi OcimumsanctumLamiaceaeLeaf
Use:
1.Leavesaretraditionallyusedforthetreatmentofcough.
2.FreshleafjuiceisalsousedintreatmentofMalaria.
Bahaktita JusticiaadhatodaAcanthaceseleaves,rootsetc.
Use:
1.Thisplantiscommonlyusedinthetreatmentofrespiratoryproblems
likeasthma,coughetc.

3. TimberYieldingPlants:
Plant Botanicalname Family
Saltree Shorearobusta Dipterocarpaceae
Use:
1.Thetimberisextensivelyusedforrailwaysleepers,doors,and
windowpostsofhouses.
2.Thistimberisusedforboatmaking.
Plants ScientificnameFamily
Teak(Segoon) TectonagrandisVerbenaceae
Use:
1.Usedinthepreparationofhouseholdfurniturelikesofas,desksetc.
2.Itisalsousedintheconstructionofships,plywoodetc.
TheSissotree DalbergiasissooFabaceae
Use:
1.Woodisusedinfurniture,shoehells,beamsofdoorsetc.
2.Thisplantisalsousedinproductionofmusicalinstruments,boats.
Gomari(Hillteak)GmelinaarboreaVerbenaceae
Use:
1.Itisusedformatchsticks,artificialorgans,matchboxes,picture
framesetc.
2.Woodisalsousedintheproductionofplywood.

4. Hollong DipterocarpusretususDipterocarpaceae
Use:
1.Woodisusedinhousebuilding,bridgeetc.becauseitcanprevent
insects.
2.Itisalsousedintheproductionofplywood.
SericogenicResources:
Mugasilkworm:
Mugasilkworm,AnthereaassamaWestwood(syn.Anthereaassamensis
Helf.,AnthereamejankoriMoore)belongstothePhylum-Arthropoda,
class-Insects,order-Lepidopteraandfamily-Saturniidae.Family
charactersnamely,bipectinateantennae,minutelabialpalpi,short
maxillae,lackoffrenulaeareprominentinboththesexes.
Mugasilkwormrearinoutdoorontree.Onetreecanbeutilizedfortwo
rearinginayearalternatelyduringspringandautumn,thusonefullgrown
treecanyield1000cocoonsinayearand5treesarerequiredtoproduce
5000cocoonswhichyieldonekg.ofmugasilk.Mugasilkwormis
Semi-domesticatedandmultivoltineinnaturehaving5to6generationsin
ayear.
ScientificName:Antheraeaassamensis.
Habitat:NativetoAssam.
HostPlants:PrimarilyfeedsonleavesofSom(Machilusbombycina)and
Soalu(Litseamonopetala)plants.
SilkProduction:Mugasilk,knownforitsgoldencolor,isproducedbyMuga
silkworms.It'sexclusivetoAssamandholdsculturalandeconomic
significance.
LifeCycle:Similartoothersilk-producingsilkworms,itundergoes
completemetamorphosis—egg,larva(caterpillar),pupa,andadult(moth).

5. CulturalImportance:Mugasilkisdeeplywovenintotheculturalheritageof
Assamandisusedintraditionalattire.
SericultureIndustry:MugasilkwormscontributetoAssam'ssericulture
industry,promotingeconomicactivitiesandlivelihoods.
Erisilkworm:
EricultureismostlyconfinedtotheBrahmaputravalleyofAssam.Itisalso
practicedinfewdistrictoftheneighboringstatesmainlyArunachal
Pradesh,Manipur,Meghalaya,Nagalandandothernontraditionalstatesof
IndialikeAndhraPradesh,Bihar,Chhattisgarh,Gujrat,Jharkhand,Orissa,
Tamilnadu,Utrakhand,WestBengal,
Erisilkwormismultivoltineinnature.Itcanrear4-5timesinayear.
Thereare26eco-racesoferisilkwormlikeBorduar,Khanapara,Kokrajhar,
Titabar,Diphu,Genung,Nongpohetc.
Feeding:4-5feedingshouldbegivenperdayatregularintervals.
PlantspeciesgrowingintheCentre:
MedicinalPlants150species,
Bamboo20species,
Cactus15species,
Orchids95species,
Canes4species,
Othertrees&
shrubs320species.
Q:Howcanyoudistinguishamugacocoonfromanericocoon?
Ans:
Ericocoon
•Thecocoonsarehangedfromthetwigbyapeduncle.
•Thecocoonsareformedontheupperportionoftheplant.
•Thecocoonhasanopenendthroughwhichthemothcomesout.
•Theeri-cocoonhastobespinnedinsteadofreelingasitisanopen
mouthedcocoon.
Mugacocoon
•Thecocoonsareformedinbetweentwodryleaves.Thecocoonhasasmall
peduncle.
•Thefullygrownlarvaedescendtothebaseofthetreetoformthecocoon.

6. •Thechrysalidsecretesanalkalinesolutionwhichdissolvesthecocoon
shelltoformanapertureforthemothtoemerge.
•Thecocoonsselectedforspinningarekeptoverlowfireforkillingthe
chrysalidpresentinsidethecocoon.
Q:Howthemugacocoonsarespinned?
Ans:Thecocoonselectedforspinningaretreatedoverlowfirefora
reasonableperiodandthenkeptinsunlightforabout2-3days.Thenthe
cocoonsareboiledinanalkalinesolutionmadeofcertainleavesandstraw
forabout15to30minutestoremovetheglueofthecocoonandtomakethe
silkfilamentweak.Thereelingofthemugacocooniscarriedbykeepingthe
cocooninlukewarmwaterinabasin.Thespinningisdonebymugareeling
apparatusnamely‘bhir’,‘mugapedalingbhir’,etc.
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