Biosensor ppt

Biosensor .now what is biosensor .mechanism of biosensor .equipment used in biosensor .All the information contain about biosensor present in this presentation .its really informative .

1. Presentation Topic BIOSENSORS

2. Groupmates Hassaan Ahmad (27) Haseeba (28) Sobia (29) Rashid Minhas (30) Eishma (31) Sana khan (32) Abbas khan (33) Bushra Rehman (34) Farooq Khalil (35) Husna (36)

3. Objectives of today’s Presentation What is biosensor? Components of Biosensor. How does it work? Ideal Biosensor. Elements of biosensor. Analyte . Types of biosensor. Advantages. Applications.

4. Introduction The word “sensor” find its origin from the Latin word “ sentire ” which basically means ‘to identify’ anything . By hearing this word sensor, the foremost thing that springs into our minds is the concept of basic five human senses: Ophthalmoception , Audioception , Gustaoception , Olfacception and Tactioception .

5. Any device that has specific biochemical reactions to detect chemical compounds in biological samples. FATHER OF BIOSENSOR: Professor Leland C Clark (1918-2005)

6. What is a biosensor? It is an analytical device which converts a biological response into an electrical signal. It detects, records and transmits information regarding a physiological change or process. It determines the presence and concentration of a specific substance in any test solution.

7. Schematic diagram showing the main components of a biosensor. (a) The biocatalyst or bioelement converts the substrate to product. (b) This reaction is determined by the transducer which converts it to an electrical signal. (c) Amplifier: The output from the transducer is amplified, (d) processed and (e) displayed. a) Bioelement b) Transducer c) Amplifier d) Processor e) Display

8. Haseeba Roll . No 28

9. Basic Principle of Biosensor Basic principle of biosensor is explained in the following three elements: First biological recognition element which is highly specific towards the biological material analytes produces. Second transducers detects and transduces signal from biological target receptor molecule to electrical signal which is due to reaction occur. Third after transduction signal from biological to electrical signal where its amplification is necessary and takes place and read out in detector after processing the values are displayed for monitor and controlling the system.

10. Basic Principle The biological material is immobaized and a contact is made between the immobilized biological material and the transducer. The analyte binds to the biological material to form a bound analyte which in turn produces the electronic response that can be measured. Sometimes the analyte is converted to a product which could be associated with the release of heat, gas (Oxygen), electrons or hydrogen ions. The transducer then converts the product linked changes into electrical signals which can be amplified and measured.

11. Sobia Roll # 29

12. Components of Biosensor 1. Biological Element: The component used to bind the target molecule. It must be highly specific, stable under storage conditions and immobilized.

13. 2. Physiochemical Transducer: Acts as an interface, measuring the physical change that occurs with the reaction at the bioreceptor then transforming that energy into measurable electrical output.

14. 3. Detector Signals form the transducer are passed to a microprocessor where they are amplified and analyzed. The data is then converted to concentration units and transferred to a display or data storage device.

15. Rashid Minhas Roll # 30

16. How does they work? Biosensors basically involve the quantitative analysis of various substances by converting their biological actions into measurable signals. Generally the performance of the biosensors is mostly dependent on the specificity and sensitivity of the biological reaction besides the stability of enzyme.

17. Eishma Roll # 31

18. How should be an Ideal Biosensor? The output signal must be relevant to measurement environment. The functional surface must be compatible with the transducer. High specificity and selectivity (low interference). Sufficient sensitivity and resolution. Sufficient accuracy and repeatability. Sufficient speed of response and dynamic range.

19. Sana Roll # 32

20. Analyte ‘A substance whose chemical constituents are being identified and measured’. What do you want to detect? Molecule: Protein, toxin, peptide, vitamin, sugar, metal ion.

21. Sample Handling How to deliver the Analyte to the sensitive region? Micro fluidics. Concentration. Filtration/Selection

22. Detection/Recognition How do you specifically recognize the analyte ?

23. Signaling How will you come to know that there is a detection? What are the common signaling Principles? Optical (IR). Electrical (conductivity). Electromechanical (QCM). Thermal. Magnetic. Pressure.

24. Abbas Khan Roll # 33

25. Types of Biosensor Enzyme Biosensors. Immunosensors . The DNA biosensors. Magnetic Biosensors. Thermal Biosensors. Optical Biosensors.

26. Types of biosensors Biosensors started in the 1960s by the pioneers Clark and Lyons . Various types of biosensors being used are enzyme-based, tissue-based, immuno -sensors , DNA biosensors, and thermal and piezoelectric biosensors. The first enzyme-based sensor was reported by Updike and Hicks in 1967 ..

27. Enzyme biosensors Enzyme biosensors have been devised on immobilization methods, i.e. adsorption of enzymes by van der Waals forces, ionic bonding or covalent bonding. The commonly used enzymes for this purpose are oxidoreductases , polyphenol oxidases, peroxidases, and aminooxidases

28. Immunosensors were established on the fact that antibodies have high affinity towards their respective antigens, i.e. the antibodies specifically bind to pathogens or toxins, or interact with components of the host's immune system . The DNA biosensors were devised on the property that single-strand nucleic acid molecule is able to recognize and bind to its complementary strand in a sample. The interaction is due to the formation of stable hydrogen bonds between the two nucleic acid strands.

29. Bushra Roll # 34

30. Magnetic biosensors are miniaturized biosensors detecting magnetic micro- and nanoparticles in microfluidic channels using the magneto-resistance effect have great potential in terms of sensitivity and size. Thermal biosensors or calorimetric biosensors are developed by assimilating biosensor materials as mentioned before into a physical transducer.

31. Optical biosensors consist of a light source, as well as numerous optical components to generate a light beam with specific characteristics and to beeline this light to a modulating agent, a modified sensing head along with a photodetector . The DNA biosensors were devised on the property that single-strand nucleic acid molecule is able to recognize and bind to its complementary strand in a sample. The interaction is due to the formation of stable hydrogen bonds between the two nucleic acid strands.

32. Farooq Khalil Roll # 35

33. Advantages Highly specific. Independent of factors like stirring, pH etc. Linear response, tiny and biocompatible. Easy to use, durable. Require only small sample volume. R apid. Accurate. Stable and sterilizable .

34. Typical Sensing Techniques Fluorescence. DNA Microarray. SPR (Surface Plasma Resistance). Impedence Spectroscopy. QCM (Quartz Crystal Microbalance).

35. Husna Roll # 36

36. Applications

37. curriculum development process in Paksitan