BIOTECHNOLOGY QUARTER 2 SCIENCE BIOLOGYY

Science

2. Biotechnology:Thedevelopmentand
utilizationofbiologicalprocessesfor
obtainingmaximumbenefitstoman
andotherformsoflife.
Biotechnology:Theuseofliving
organismsforthemanufactureof
usefulproducts:Itmayinvolvealgae,
bacteria,fungi,yeastcellsofhigher
animalandplants.
BIOTECHNOLOGY

3. GeneticEngineering:Theformationofnew
combinationsofheritablematerialbythe
insertionofnucleicacidmoleculesintoany
virus,bacterialplasmidsorothervector
systemsoastoallowtheirincorporationintoa
hostorganisminwhichtheydonotnaturally
occurbutinwhichtheyarecapableof
continuedpropagation(Smith,1996).
GeneticEngineeringistheproductionofnew
genesandalterationofgenomesby
substitutingoraddingnewgeneticmaterial.
GENETIC ENGINEERING

4. Traditional Biotechnology (Old)
NewBiotechnology(Modern)
TraditionalBiotechnology:TheTraditional
biotechnologyreferstotheconventional
technologywhichhavebeenusedformany
centuries.Beer,Wine,Cheeseandmanyfoods
havebeenproducedusingtraditional
biotechnology.
HISTORY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

5. The Traditional biotechnology is an art rather
than a science.
ModernBiotechnology:Capabilityofscience
tochangethegeneticmaterialforgeneticnew
productsforspecificrequirementthrough
recombinantDNAtechnology.
HISTORY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (contd.)

6. Application of Biotechnology

7. SCOPE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
1.Healthcare:
(a)In1982,humaninsulin(humulin)hasbeen
producedbymicroorganismsinfermenters.
(b)HepatitisBvaccines(RecombivaxHB),
geneticallyengineeredvaccinesproduced
biotechnologically.

8. 2.GeneTherapy:Thisisinaway,genetic
engineeringofhumans,whichwouldallowa
personsufferingfromadisablinggenetic
disordertoleadanormallife.
3.Immunotechnologies:Monoclonalantibodies
(MABs)fordiagnosisandtherapy.Antibodies,
specialsetsofproteinspresentinhumansthat
enablethemtofightincursionoftheirbodiesby
harmfulchemicalsormicroorganisms.
SCOPE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (contd.)

9. Gene therapy

10. Gene Therapy

11. Gene Therapy

12. 4.Tissueculture:Tissuecultureofbothplant
andanimalcells.Theseareusedfor
Micropropagationofeliteorexoticmaterials
(suchasorchids),productionofuseful
compoundssuchastaxol(thewidelyusedanti-
cancerdrug)andvanillin,andpreparationinthe
laboratoryof“natural”tissuessuchasarteries
forarterialgraftorskinforburnvictims.
SCOPE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (contd.)

13. 5.Stemcelltechniques:Whichwouldinvolve
purificationandisolationofstemcellsfrom
varioustissuesanddevelopintothedesired
tissuewhichcouldthenbeused,forexample,
fortransplantation.
6.NewDNAtechnologies:TheseincludeDNA
fingerprinting,sequencingofgenomes,
developmentanduseofnewmolecularmarkers
forplantidentificationandcharacterization.
SCOPE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (contd.)

14. Stem Cell

15. Stem Cell Therapy

16. 7.Organotransplantation:Xenotransplantation
thatistransplantationintohumansoforgans
fromotheranimals.Itappearsthatpigmaybethe
mostsuitableforthisbiochemically,anatomically
andimmunologically.
8.Bioremediation:Bioremediationistheuseof
microorganismstodetoxifypollutants,presentin
theenvironmentusuallyassoilorwater
sediments.
SCOPE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (contd.)

17. Bioremediation

18. 9.HumanGenomeProject(HGP):Human
genomehasbeensequencedandchromosome
maphasbeendevelopedinvariouslaboratories
world-widethroughcoordinatedefforts.
10.Bioinformatics:Applicationofinformation
sciencestoincreasetheunderstandingofbiology,
biochemistryandbiologicaldata.
SCOPE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (contd.)

19. Thank you