Black english

1. Characteristics of black english 2007130668 inhoe heo 2007130663 Gippeum Jeong

2. C ontents Introduction Definition of Black English Origin & History Features Phonological Features Syntactic Features Lexical Features Useful Expression

3. I ntroduction Learning Ebonics

4. D efinition of Black English Ebonics Black English African-American Vernacular English Negro Dialect Negro Non-Standard English Non-Standard Negro English : NNE

5. O rigin Genetic Inferiority Acknowledged until 1930 With no expertise, reflecting its time Nonstandard English Dialect of the British in the early New World Cultural Deprivation Theory Lack of language made by chances of language activity Creole Artificial Means by African slaves → Pidgin

6. H istory Pidgin English A slave ship from Dutch arrived in Jamestown, Virginia in 1619 The slaves needed a means of communication – Lingua Franca Plantation Creole Blacks acquired the Pidgin English as a mother language Southern East of America

7. H istory Black English Influence on language and life of white people → New words until 1930 Ex) jazz, jelly roll, blues, sugar, bad Civil rights of Black after World War ll Generalization of “ black ” Judged as a independent language system Ann Arbor Court, Michigan in 1979 Named Afro-American English Pidgin English - Plantation Creole - Nigger English – Negro dialect - Black English - Afro American English

8. F eatures Phonological Features 1. The Deletion of /r/ Ex 1) court - caught, guard - god Ex 2) from - f’om , protect - p’otect , tradition - t’adition Ex 3) carol - cal, pairs - pass, parrot – pat Ex 4) It is you bag, This is you seat, She is they mother *It is I book, *That is she mother

9. F eatures Phonological Features 2. The Deletion of /l/ Ex 1) all - awe cool - coo fault - faught toll - toe tool - too

10. F eatures Phonological Features 3. The Simplification of Final Consonant Clusters Ex 1) bed - /be/, cost - / cos /, desk - /des/, hand - / han / Ex2) dropped – drop, hanged – hang, killed - kill Ex 3) toad - toe Ex 4) clasps – classes, confest – confesses, desk - desses

11. F eatures Phonological Features 4. The Change of Sounds - Consonants Ex 1) that - dat them - dem death - deaf Ruth - roof

12. F eatures Phonological Features 4. The Change of Sounds - Vowels / ai / / ou /→/æ/ find - / fænd /, like – / læk /, nice - / næs /, ride - / ræd / / oi / → / oə / boy - / boə /, joy - / joə / / ing / → / ang / sing - /sang/, thing - / thang /

13. F eatures Phonological Features 4. The Change of Sounds - Vowels /e/ → / i / get - / git /, hemp - /him/, pen - /pin/, ten - /tin/ Monophthongization beer – bear boil – ball poor – pour a Nasal Vowel run, rum, rung - / ru /

14. F eatures Syntactic Features 1. The Deletion of Copula Ex 1) he is > he’s > he they are > they’re > they * I a boy * I happy

15. F eatures Syntactic Features 2. The Deletion of Suffixes Ex 1) She eat, He go, It work Ex 2) She have a car, He have a house, She do shopping Ex 3) The boy shoes, It be Jimmy son, My mom clothes

16. F eatures Syntactic Features 3. Double Negative Ex 1) I don’t like to drink nothing You don’t know nothing He didn’t care nothing Ex 2) Doesn’t nobody do such a stupid thing Can’t nobody do nothing about that matter Wasn’t nobody feeling guilty about that Didn’t nobody do it

17. F eatures Syntactic Features 4. Indirect Question Ex 1) I asked him where did he go that day I don’t know what did she do in highschool I like to know what is it

18. F eatures Syntactic Features 5. Etc There is – It is It's no money in my pockets. It's no possibility for me to give up on her. It's no money left to buy booze. steady - used as an adverb Ricky be steady stepping in them. Your mind is steady working. Her brother be rapping steady.

19. F eatures Lexical Features Slang motherfucker, give a shut, kick some’s ass, shit Calling white honkie , whitey, white boy, peckerwood Unity – Exclusion bro, brother, cuz , sister, homboy *Uncle Tom, house nigger, Aunt- Jemuna New Expressions bust a pose, check the bible, home slice

20. U seful Expression Yo What’s up? Don’t be dissing me! For real Homes Nigga ( Niggro ) G