Body mechanics

PRESENTED BY
Kshirabdhi Tanaya
Tutor,SUM Nursing college
S‘O’A DTU,Bbsr.

1. PRESENTED BY Kshirabdhi Tanaya Tutor,SUM Nursing college S‘O’A DTU,Bbsr .

2. Body mechanics is the efficient use of the body as a machine, and as a means of locomotion ,it is directly related to the function of bones,joints,muscles,nerves and brain to maintain posture balance.

3. PRINCIPLES OF BODY MECHANICS:- Facing the direction of movement prevents abnormal twisting of the spine . Dividing balanced activity between arms & legs reduces the risk of back injury. Rolling ,turning requires less work than lifting. When frictions reduced between the object to be moved & the surface on which it is moved,reduces force required to move it.

4. Reducing the force of work,reduces the risk of injury. Maintaining good body mechanics reduces fatigue of the muscle groups. Alternating periods of rest & activity helps to reduce fatigue.

5. BODY ALIGNMENT:- Alignment  refers to how the head, shoulders, spine, hips, knees and ankles relate and line up with each other. It refers to the condition of joints,tendons and muscles in various body positions Proper  alignment  of the  body  puts less stress on the spine and helps you have good posture

6. ASSESSMENT OF BODY ALLIGNMENT:- Standing position:- Head extended,normal curves of back,chin in ,chest most forward,shoulder slightly abducted,elbows slightly flexed,wrist extended.abdomen flat,relaxed buttacks,thighs extended,feet pointing straight. Sitting position:- Head should be erect with chin in,back also normal,shoulders abducted elbows flexed & supported,wrists extended. Fingers flexed,abdomen flat,knees flexed at right angles to thighs,feet supported on floor.

7. MOBILITY AND IMMOBILITY

8. MOBILITY:- Mobility is defined as the ability to move freely,easily,rhythmically and purposefully in the environment. IMMOBILITY:- Immobility  is the state of not being able to move around.

9. FACTORS AFFECTING MOBILITY:- AGE:- It greatly affects the activity levels.Generally as people grow older,they slow down. ENERGY LEVEL:- It varies greatly among individuals.Individual demonstrates different energy levels at different times. LIFESTYLE:- People learn early in life often from families .Some people participate in physical activity regularly in an effort to maintain or to improve their health.

10. FEAR AND PAIN:- The mobility can also be limited because of fear or pain,a pt recovering from surgery may be reluctant to move for fear of opening the incision. DISABILITY:- A disability is a persistent mental or physical weakness that prevents a person from carring out the normal activities of life.

11. HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH IMMOBILITY:- Hypostatic pneumonia. (pneumonia that usually results from the collection of fluid in the dorsal region of the lungs.) Pulmonary embolism( Pulmonary embolism  ( PE ) is a blockage of an artery in the lungs by a substance that has traveled from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream)  Thrombophlebitis Orthostatic hypotension

12. Pressure ulcers or pressure sore Decreased peristalsis with constipation. Urinary stasis with renal calculi formation. Contractures or muscle atrophy Altered fluid & electrolyte status.

13. POSTURAL ABNORMALITIES Abnormal  posturing refers to rigid body movements and chronic  abnormal  positions of the body. 

14. KYPHOSIS

15. Anterior curvature of thoracic spine

16. Lordosis Inward curvature of the lumbar /cervical spine.

17. Lateral (sideways) curving of the spine.  scoliosis

18. THANK YOU