Bourbon Dynasty Rise and fall, By Bijaya sir

Bourbon Dynasty

1. Bourbon Dynasty: Rise and Fall For over two centuries, the Bourbon Dynasty profoundly shaped European history, leaving an indelible mark on the continent's political landscape. This presentation delves into the dynasty's rise to power, its long reign, and its dramatic downfall, ultimately leading to the French Revolution and its transformative consequences. Bd by Bijaya dash

2. The Bourbon Monarchy: Establishment and Expansion Henry IV The Bourbon dynasty was established by Henry IV, who ascended the throne in 1589. He ended the French Wars of Religion and laid the groundwork for a strong monarchy. Louis XIII and XIV His successors, Louis XIII and Louis XIV, consolidated power and expanded French influence across Europe. Louis XIV's reign (1643-1715) marked a period of unprecedented power and opulence.

3. Louis XIV: The Sun King and His Legacy Absolutism Louis XIV embodied the concept of absolute monarchy, concentrating power in the hands of the king. He centralized the government and weakened the nobility. Versailles He constructed the magnificent Palace of Versailles, a symbol of his power and the opulence of his court. It became a center of culture and diplomacy. Wars and Expansion Louis XIV engaged in numerous wars to expand French territory, eventually exhausting the country's resources and contributing to economic and social unrest.

4. Enlightenment and Reforms under the Bourbons Enlightenment Ideas The 18th century witnessed the rise of Enlightenment thought, promoting reason, liberty, and individual rights. These ideas had a significant impact on the Bourbons. Reforms Some Bourbon monarchs, like Louis XV and Louis XVI, implemented reforms aimed at improving the lives of the people. However, these reforms were often slow and inadequate. Financial Crisis The French monarchy was burdened with a heavy debt accumulated through wars and extravagant spending, leading to a financial crisis in the late 18th century.

5. The French Revolution: Causes and Early Developments 1 The French Revolution was sparked by a combination of factors, including financial crisis, social inequality, and the influence of Enlightenment ideas. 2 In 1789, the French people revolted against the monarchy, storming the Bastille, a royal prison, and demanding greater liberty and equality. 3 The National Assembly, composed of representatives of the Third Estate (commoners), took control of the government and drafted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.

6. The Reign of Terror: Radical Changes and Chaos Rise of the Jacobins The Reign of Terror, a period of extreme violence and political repression, began in 1793 with the rise of the radical Jacobins. Guillotine The guillotine, a device for beheading, became a symbol of the Reign of Terror. Thousands were executed, including King Louis XVI and his queen, Marie Antoinette. Revolution in France The Jacobins established a republic and implemented radical reforms, including the abolition of feudalism and the creation of a new calendar.

7. The Directory: Stability and Transition 5 The Directory The Reign of Terror was brought to an end by the Thermidorian Reaction in 1794. The Directory, a five-man executive body, emerged, aiming for stability and a return to order.

8. Napoleon Bonaparte and the Overthrow of the Bourbons Rise of Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte, a skilled military leader, rose to prominence during the Revolutionary Wars. He seized power in a coup d'état in 1799. Consulate Napoleon established the Consulate, a government in which he held supreme authority. He introduced a number of reforms, including the Napoleonic Code, a unified legal system. Overthrow of the Bourbons Napoleon crowned himself emperor in 1804, marking the end of the Bourbon monarchy for the time being. He went on to conquer much of Europe.

9. The Bourbon Restoration: A Temporary Return to Power Louis XVIII After Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, the Bourbons were restored to power with Louis XVIII ascending the throne. 1 Conservative Rule The Bourbon Restoration was marked by conservative rule, an attempt to return France to its pre-Revolution status. This led to social and political unrest. 2 Charles X Louis XVIII was succeeded by his brother, Charles X, who was forced to abdicate in 1830 after a series of unpopular policies sparked a revolution. 3

10. The French Revolution's Legacy: Lasting Impact on Europe