Brain Abscess presentation Adult health Nursing-II.pptx

Presentation on brain abscess

1. Benazir college of nursing Smbbmu Larkana 2 nd Year 4 th Semester Subject: Adult Health Nursing-II Batch: 06 G-BSN Faculty: Sir Aftab Ghouri Presented by: Kalsoom Wadho

2. Brain Abscess

3. Objectives By the end of this presentation the learner will be able to: Define Brain Abscess. Enlist the types of Brain Abscess. Identify the common causes and risk factors of Brain Abscess. Explain the pathophysiology of Brain Abscess. Describe clinical manifestations of Brain Abscess.

4. Identify the diagnostic criteria for Brain Abscess.
Explore the treatment of Brain Abscess.
Explain the nursing diagnosis and nursing management of Brain Abscess.
Describe complication associated with Brain.

5. Brain Abscess • A brain abscess is a collection of pus enclosed in the brain tissue, caused by a bacterial or fungal infection . • Brain abscess (or cerebral abscess) is an abscess caused by inflammation and collection of infected material, coming from local (ear infection, dental abscess, infection of paranasal sinuses, infection of the mastoid air cells of the temporal bone, epidural abscess) or remote (lung, heart, kidney etc.) infectious sources, within the brain tissue.

6. Types of Brain Abscess Intracranial subdural abscess
Intracranial epidural abscess
Spinal epidural infection/ abscess
Intermedullary abscess
Cerebritis Fungal brain abscess

7. Causes and risk factors Nearly anyone can get a brain abscess, but certain groups of people are at a higher risk than others. Some diseases, disorders, and conditions that raise your risk include: A compromised immune system due to HIV or AIDS
Cancer and other chronic illnesses
Congenital heart disease
Major head injury or skull fracture

8. Cont….. Meningitis
Immunosuppressant drugs, such as those used in chemotherapy
Chronic sinus or middle ear infections

9. Pathophysiology A brain abscess is a collection of infectious material within the tissue of the brain. It may occur by direct invasion of the brain from intracranial trauma or surgery; by spread of infection from nearby sites, such as the sinuses, ears, and teeth (paranasal sinus infections, otitis media, dental sepsis); or by spread of infection from other organs (lung abscess, infective endocarditis).

10. Clinical manifestations Drowsiness due to increased intracranial pressure. Headache due to increased intracranial pressure. Confusion or inattention Seizures due to irritation of brain tissue Increasing intracranial pressure. Widened pulse pressure and bradycardia due to increased intracranial pressure.

11. Cont…. Focal neurologic deficit, depending on location of abscess Nystagmus with cerebral abscess Aphasia with frontal lobe abscess Loss of coordination (ataxia) with a cerebellar abscess

12. Diagnosis Neuroimaging studies such as MRI or CT scanning to identify the size and location of the abscess. Aspiration of the abscess, guided by CT or MRI, to culture and identify the infectious organism.
Blood cultures, chest x-ray, electroencephalogram (EEG).

13. Treatment Surgically drain (aspiration or open) the abscess to relieve intracranial pressure. Administer antibiotic intravenously, depending on organism:
nafcillin sodium (penicillinase-resistant penicillin)
penicillin G benzathine
chloramphenicol
metronidazole
vancomycin

14. Cont….. Administer corticosteroids in divided doses to decrease inflammation: dexamethasone taper dose down before stopping Administer anticonvulsants to reduce seizure risk; watch for drug interactions: phenytoinphenobarbital Administer osmotic diuretics to decrease cerebral edema: mannitol

15. Nursing Diagnosis Disturbed Consciousness. Risk for disturbed thought process. Risk for falls. Risk for Increased Intracranial Pressure .
Risk for Complications (such as meningitis, hydrocephalus, or cerebral edema).

16. Nursing Management Assess the patient’s ability to think, reason, and remember.
Assess the patient’s speech capabilities.
Assess the patient’s movement and senses.
Assess the patient’s cranial nerve function.
Monitor vital signs.
Monitor fluid intake and output.
Monitor for signs of infection in post-operative patients.
Monitor for side effects of medications.

17. Cont…. Explain to the patient: Need for continued antibiotic treatments. How to administer IV antibiotics at home, how to monitor IV access, and when to call for problems. Need for follow up CT scan or MRI imaging for monitoring.

18. Complications Brain damage Meningitis that is severe and life threatening . Return (recurrence) of infection . Seizures

19. Reference Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified. Brunner & Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing 10 th Edition. Brunner & Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing 12 th Edition. www.google.com www.shutterstock.com