Brain Anatomy

Human Brain Anatomy

1. HUMAN BRAIN ANATOMY Lasitha.M MSRSAS 1

2. Human Brain 2

3. Human Skull 3

4. Cont… 4

5. Cont… 5

6. Blood vessels of the skull 6

7. Human Brain Cerebellum (Co- ordinate muscle movements, maintain posture, and balance. ) Cerebrum ( touch, vision, hearing, speech, reasoning, emotions, learning & fine control movements) Brain Stem ( relay center connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord. breathing, heart rate, body temperature, wake and sleep cycles, digestion, sneezing, coughing, vomiting, and swallowing ) 7

8. Brain Lobes 8

9. Cont… 9

10. Actual Brain 10

11. Actual Brain 11

12. Meninges Meninges are layers of tissue that separate the skull and the brain 12

13. 13

14. Arachnoid Membrane 14

15. Arachnoid Granulations 15

16. 16

17. Cerebral Cortex & Brain Stem 17

18. Cerebral Cortex Cerebral Cortex 18

19. Cerebrum surface 19 A sheet of neural tissue 10-14 billions of neurons

20. The Neocortex 20

21. The Cerebrum 21 Largest myelinated structure , 200-250 million neurons present

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23. 23

24. Anatomy of Ventricles 24

25. Physiology of ventricle 25

26. Gyri , Fissure & Sulci 26

27. Longitudinal Fissure Lobes of the Brain 27

28. Left & Right Hemisphere 28 controls speech, comprehension, arithmetic, and writing creativity, spatial ability, artistic, and musical skills

29. Frontal Lobe 29 Memory Formation Emotions Decision Making/Reasoning Personality

30. Frontal Lobe: The frontal lobe assists in motor and cognitive activities such as planning, making decisions, setting goals and relating the present to future through purposeful behaviour 30

31. Olfactory Bulb 31

32. Broca’s & Wernicke Area 32

33. 33

34. Arcuate Fasciculus 34

35. Parietal Lobe : Assist in sensory processes, Spatial interpretation, attention and language comprehension. Interprets language, words, Sense of touch, pain, temperature, Interprets signals from vision, hearing, motor, sensory and memory. 35

36. Primary Somatosensory Cortex/ Postcentral Gyrus Somatosensory Association Cortex Primary Gustatory Cortex 36 Very sensitive areas- lips & finger tips Touch, Temperature, Body Position and Pain Taste

37. Occipital Lobe The Occipital Lobe of the Brain is located deep to the Occipital Bone of the Skull. Its primary function is the processing, integration, interpretation, etc of VISION and visual stimuli. 37 Interprets vision (color, light, movement)

38. Occipital lobe Primary Visual Cortex Visual Association Area 38 size, color, light, motion, dimensions Interprets information acquired through the primary visual cortex.

39. Visual 39

40. Occipital Lobe : Process visual information and passes its conclusion to the parietal and frontal lobe 40

41. Temporal Lobe The Temporal Lobes are located on the sides of the brain, deep to the Temporal Bones of the skull.

42. Temporal Lobe : Assist in auditory perception, language comprehension and visual recognition. 42

43. Primary Auditory Cortex Wernike’s Area Primary Olfactory Cortex (Deep) Conducted from Olfactory Bulb

44. 44

45. Cerebellum 45 The cerebellum is involved in the coordination of voluntary motor movement, balance and equilibrium and muscle tone. Damage to the cerebellum can lead to: loss of coordination of motor movement, the inability to judge distance , the inability to perform rapid alternating movements, movement tremors , tendency toward falling, weak muscles, slurred speech & abnormal eye movements.

46. Brain Stem 46

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48. 48

49. Brain Stem 49

50. Hind Brain 50

51. Central Core 51

52. Thalamus Thalamus 52 good or bad forwards the information

53. Pons Pons 53 dreaming and wakening from sleep

54. Cerebellum 54 body movements, controls posture and maintains equilibruim

55. Pons Reticular Formation 55 signals the cerebral cortex to attend the new simulation and to remain alert even during sleep.

56. Thalamus Medulla 56 breathing, walking, sleeping and beating of the heart

57. Limbic System 57

58. Hippocampus 58 emotion, learning and memory

59. Hippocampus 59

60. Amygdala 60 aggression, eating, drinking and sexual behaviors

61. Hypothalamus 61 Monitors blood levels of glucose, salt, blood pressure and hormones

62. Hypothalamus 62

63. Cranial Nerves 63

64. 64

65. Cranial Nerves : Left Olfactory - Optic Chiasm - Right Oculomotor ( pupi )- Left Oculomotor - Right Trochlear (eye)- Left Trochlear - Right Trigeminal(face sensation) - Left Trigeminal - Right Abducens (eye) - Left Abducens - Right Facial - Left Facial - Right Acoustic - Left Acoustic - Right Glossopharyngeal & Vagus ( taste,swallow , HR, digetion )- Left Glossopharyngeal & Vagus - Right Hypoglossal (tongue) 65

66. 11 th & 12 th Cranial Nerves 66

67. Optic nerve on the back of the eye 67

68. Neuron 68

69. 69

70. 70 Thank You