brain labelling neuroanatomy(introduction to neuroanatomy).pptx

from :neuroanatomy by richard snell
made by:Dr Ammar kakar Physiotherapist

1. Introduction to Neuro-anatomy By Dr.Ammar Kakar.pt Lecturer physiotherapy Alhamd University,Quetta .

2. Superior view:

3. Inferior view:

4. Olfactory tract: is responsible for the  perception of the special sense of smell Optic chiasma:   Its primary function is to combine and cross electrical impulses from each eye before sending them to the visual cortex. This helps in binocular vision and hand-eye coordination Olive: The   inferior olivary nucleus  (or ‘complex’) is a crucial component of the  olivo -cerebellar system . Its primary role is related to  cerebellar motor learning and function . Essentially, it helps coordinate movements and contributes to motor skill acquisition. Superior Olivary Nucleus : The  superior olivary nucleus  is considered part of the  pons  (another region of the brainstem). It plays a role in the  auditory system , aiding in the perception of sound. Specifically, it helps with sound localization and processing

5. Anterior view:

6. Posterior view:

7. Inferior cerebellar peduncle: input and output fibers that are mainly concerned with integrating proprioceptive sensory input with motor vestibular functions such as balance and posture maintenance

8. Right Lateral view:

9. Medial view:

10. Cingulate gyrus: Attention and Memory, emotional proccessing,social behaviour Cerebral aqueduct: The cerebral aqueduct is an important conduit for  cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)  in the cerebral ventricular system parietoccipital sulcus :  partially the parietal lobe from occipital lobe in his medial part Cuneus: Function The cuneus ( Brodmann area 17)  receives visual information   from the same-sided superior quadrantic retina (corresponding to contralateral inferior visual field). Calcarine sulcus: Function The calcarine sulcus is associated with the  visual cortex . It is where the primary visual cortex (V1) is concentrated . Fornix: play a key role in  cognition and episodic memory recall Septum pellucidum : memory processes

11. Coronal (Ventricle) view:

12. Insula : responsible for sensory processing, emotions, empathy, homeostasis regulation, and interoception It is located underneath the cerebral cortex. The insula plays an important role in perceiving pain and having awareness about the body and self. It is also associated with decision-making abilities and consciousness Claustrum: is a thin sheet of neurons and supporting glial cells, that connects to the cerebral cortex and subcortical regions

13. Coronal ( Mammilary bodies) view:

14. Coronal (Pons) view:

15. Choroid plexus: Produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF ) Ventricles: Manage and circulate the csf Provide cushinig

16. Horizontal view:

17. Oblique view:

18. Pons: Signal Transmission : The primary role of the pons is to transmit signals between the forebrain (the cerebral cortex) and the cerebellum. It acts as a communication highway , facilitating the exchange of information within the brain. Sensory and Motor Functions: Motor Coordination : The pons relays information related to motor function, including coordination and movement. Sensory Cues : It also plays a role in providing sensory cues to the body, allowing you to perceive sensations like taste and touch. Eye Movement: The pons contributes to eye movement control. Hearing and Taste : Additionally, it’s involved in hearing and taste perception. Breathing Regulation: The pons regulates breathing, ensuring the rhythmic patterns necessary for sustaining life. Cranial Nerves Connection : Trigeminal Nerve (CN V): Provides touch and pain sensations for the face and controls chewing muscles. Abducens Nerve (CN VI): Governs eye movement; damage can lead to double vision (diplopia). Facial Nerve (CN VII ): Controls facial expressions and taste perception from the front of the tongue. Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII): Branches into vestibular and cochlear nerves, contributing to balance and hearing1 .

19. The cerebral crus :  (crus cerebri ) is the anterior portion of the cerebral peduncle which contains the  motor tracts, travelling from the cerebral cortex to the pons and spine. The plural of which is cerebral crura .

20. Inferior view:

21. Inferior (Enlarged) view:

22. The infundibulum: also known as the pituitary stalk, is a tube-like structure that connects the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary. It allows for the passage of hormones synthesized in the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary. The infundibulum is traversed by the hypophyseal portal system and hypothalamohypophyseal tract, which enable the hormonal communication between the two glands Uncus: cognitive processes related to the limbic system and smell.

23. Posterior view of the brainstem. The greater part of the cerebellum had been removed to expose the floor of the fourth ventricle

24. Superior view of the cerebellum showing the vermis and right and left cerebellar hemispheres v

25. Inferior view of cerebellum showing the vermis and right and left hemisphere

26. Enlarged medial view

27. Foramen of maegendie : It  allows flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the fourth ventricle into the cisterna magna Tuber cinerum : Rather than providing signalling to the gland, many of these fibres actually function as the source of the substances released by the posterior lobe of this gland Foramen terminalis :   regulates the osmotic concentration of the blood . Calosum : The corpus callosum is divided into four parts : rostrum, genu, body/trunk and splenium

28. Thank you