BRAIN OF HUMAN BODY IMPORTANT PART WHICH IS UDE

THE BODY MAIN PART HUMAN BRAIN

1. BRAIN SUBMITTED BY:- Lipsamayee Behera B . Sc (N) 4 th year Roll number:- 09 Presented to :- B. Sc. (N) 1 st semi. Section:- 2020-2021 SUBMITTED TO :- Mrs. Ananya Hati (Mam) M.Sc. Tutor MPK College of nursing , Baripada SUBMITTED ON:- 01.07.2024

2. INTRODUCTION

3. Brain:- It is the central organ of the human nervous system and part of central nervous system and coordinates most body activities. It is continued as spinal cord in the vertebral canal.

4. LOCATION:- Below the cranium( in the skull). WEIGHT:- Male about -1400 to 1500gm Female about- 1300 to 1350 gm Child about -300 to 400gm SHAPE:- Brain is walnut shape.

5. The Meninges :- The meninges are the membrane covering the brain and spinal cord. Three layer of meninges are;- 1. The dura mater 2. The arachnoid mater 3.The pia mater

6. Parts of Brain :- Parts of Brain Fore Brain Mid Brain Hind Brain (Prosencephalon) ( Mesencephalon) (Rhombencephalon) .Cerebrum .Cerebellum .Thalamus .Pons .Hypothalamus .Medulla oblongata

7. 1. Fore Brain :- (Prosencephalon ) I . Cerebrum :- It the largest section of the fore brain. The superficial layer of the cerebrum is “ grey mater” and this is 2-4 mm thick called “cerebral cortex” contains billions neurons.

8. Cont ………… The most prominent fissure separates the cerebrum into right and left halves called “ cerebral hemispheres”.

9. Function :- Motor function like control of voluntary movements. Sensory function like pain, temperature, touch, hearing, taste, and smell. Control of intelligence, speech, and learning creativity, thinking etc. Thoughts, Judgment, Memory, Problem Solving, Language, Imaginations, Reasoning power.

10. Lobes of cerebrum :- Frontal Lobe Parietal Lobe Temporal Lobe Occipital Lobe

11. ii . Thalamus :- Egg shapes structure in the middle of your brain . Thalamus contain mass of nerve cell.

12. Cont.. Thalamus means “ inner room” in Greek as it sites deep in the brain at the top of the brain stem. The thalamus paired grey matter structure of the diencephalon located near the centre of the brain .

13. Di encephalon :- Posterior part of the forebrain that connects the midbrain with the cerebral hemisphere. It makes up 80% of diencephalon.

14. Cont … This information is relayed from thalamus to cerebrum through thalamic nucleus:- Median geniculate nucleus:- related to hearing Lateral geniculate nucleus :- related to vision Ventral posterior nucleus :- related to taste and somatic like touch , pain , pressure , heat etc.

15. Function Important relay station for all incoming sensory nerve (except smell ) from periphery spinal cord with different impulses of pain ,temperature ,touch , pressure are conveyed to thalamus first then go to cerebrum .

16. iii. Hypothalamus :- The hypothalamus small region of the brain and sites under the thalamus at the top of the brain stem.

17. Function Regulates body temperature. Regulates food intake (appetite ). Control sleep . Anger . Regulates water balance and thirst. Control endocrine system . Control heart rate and BP .

18. 2 . Mid brain :- (mesencephalon ) The mid brain or mesencephalon extends from the pons to the diencephalon and about 2.5cm long .

19. Cont …… It acts as a pathway for impulses to be conducted between the brain and spinal cord. Associated with vision ,hearing, motor control ,sleep wake ,arousal (alertness ) and temperatures regulation Screening of information before it reach high brain structure .

20. Function Dopamine produced in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area plays a role in excitation motivation.

21. Cont …… Reflex action for vision and hearing . The main important function is motor movement .

22. 3. Hind brain (Rhombencephalon ) i . Cerebellum :- Smallest sub portion of the brain. Also known as little brain . Located beneath the posterior part of the cerebrum .

23. Cont ……. A deep groove known as “transverse fissure” separates cerebrum to cerebellum . Its coordinating voluntary body movements and maintain balance and equilibrium .

24. Function Coordinate contraction of muscles . Regulate body balance . May play a role in cognition / learning from experiences and language processing . Coordinating voluntary body movement. Speaking power.

25. ii. Pons:- Pons means bridge – connects the cerebellum to the rest of the brain . Lies between mid brain above and medulla below in front of cerebellum .

26. Cont ….. Like medulla its also sensory tract and motor tract. Contain nuclei that deals with respiration, swallowing , bladder control , hearing , eye ball movement , facial expression . It also enables regulation of respiration.

27. Function Relay sensory information to cerebellum. Connects fore brain to hind brain . Regulates breathing . Involved in control of sleep cycles .

28. iii. Medulla oblongata:- Lower most part of the brain stem and continuation of the superior portion of spinal cord.

29. Cont ….. Medulla oblongata is about 2.5cm long which extends from the pons about and is continuous with the spinal cord below. The ascending and descending sensory and motor white mater tracts (nerves) connecting brain to spinal cord through medulla oblongata .

30. Cont …. It is very important because many regulatory centres are located here:- Cardiovascular centre – Regulate the heart rate force of heart beat . The medullary rhythmicity centre– Responsible for maintain basic rhythm of breathing .

31. Cont …… 3. The vasomotor centre – regulate blood pressure. 4. Other – Vomiting , cough .

32. Function Control may biological activities :- Respiration , Excretion , Digestion . Regulate the heart rate , blood pressure. Others – Vomiting , swallowing, cough , sneezing ,Blinking of eye.

33. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

34. EVALUTION:- Which is the largest section of the fore brain ? Pons Cerebellum Medulla oblongata Cerebrum Ans:- Cerebrum

35. 2. How many layer of meninges ? A. 2 B. 4 C. 3 D. Non of the above Ans:- 3

36. 3. _____________ is known as little brain ? Pons Cerebrum Mid brain Cerebellum Ans:- Cerebellum

37. 4. Guess the green part of the brain ? Ans:- HYPOTHALAMUS

38. 5. Brain is ___________ shape ? Ans :- Pea nut shape

39. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

40. BIBLIOGRAPHY