Brainware university Core Hardware and Troubleshooting

It's about the computer hardware and troubleshooting purpose

1. Brainware university Subject: Core Hardware & Troubleshooting Lab.

2. Topic: Hard disk. Presented to: Ayan Das, Lecturer, Dept. of CST, Brainware University. Presented by: Arafat Ashrafi Talha ID: BWU/MNC/22/006 Course code: MNCS191 Dept. of CST, Braiware University . Date of Submission: 31-10-2022

3. Agenda Introduction​. History. Characteristics. Physical Overview. Components. File System. ​Props and cons. ​Summary​

4. Introduction A hard disk drive, hard disk, hard drive, or fixed disk is an electro-mechanical data storage device that stores and retrieves digital data using magnetic storage with one or more rigid rapidly rotating platters coated with magnetic material. 4

5. History Informed by Jacob Rabinow's ideas at NBS, IBM developed and shipped the first commercial Hard Disk Drive (HDD), the Model 350 disk storage unit, to Zellerbach Paper, San Francisco in June 1956 as part of the IBM 305 RAMAC (Random Access Method of Accounting and Control) system. The  IBM 350   Disk File was developed under the code-name RAMAC by an IBM San Jose team led by   Reynold Johnson.

6. Characteristics The hard disk provides a large storage capacity. It is much faster than the floppy disk. It is the primary media for storing data and programs. It is more reliable than a floppy disk. Data stored on the hard disk is safer than the floppy disk. 6

7. Physical Overview 7

8. Physical Overview 8

9. Physical Overview 9

10. Physical Overview 10

11. components The hard drive, which typically provides storage for data and applications within a computer, has four key components inside its casing the platter (for storing data), the spindle (for spinning the platters), the read/write arm (for reading and writing data) and the actuator (for controlling the actions of the read/write arm). Only the most technically proficient IT professionals should attempt to work on the components inside a hard drive. 11

12. components Platters: The platters are the circular discs inside the hard drive where the 1s and 0s that make up your files are stored. Platters are made out of aluminum, glass or ceramic and have a magnetic surface in order to permanently store data. On larger hard drives, several platters are used to increase the overall capacity of the drive. Data is stored on the the platters in tracks, sectors and cylinders to keep it organized and easier to find. The Spindle: The spindle keeps the platters in position and rotates them as required. The revolutions-per-minute rating determines how fast data can be written to and read from the hard drive. A typical internal desktop drive runs at 7,200 RPM, though faster and slower speeds are available. The spindle keeps the platters at a fixed distance apart from each other to enable the read/write arm to gain access. 12

13. components The Read/Write Arm: The read/write arm controls the movement of the read/write heads, which do the actual reading and writing on the disk platters by converting the magnetic surface into an electric current. The arm makes sure the heads are in the right position based on the data that needs to be accessed or written; it's also known as the head arm or actuator arm. There is typically one read/write head for every platter side, which floats 3 to 20 millionths of an inch above the platter surface. Actuator : The actuator or head actuator is a small motor that takes instructions from the drive's circuit board to control the movement of the read/write arm and supervise the transfer of data to and from the platters. It's responsible for ensuring the read/write heads are in exactly the right place at all times. 13

14. components Other Components : As well as the casing on the outside of the hard disk that holds all of the components together, the front-end circuit board controls input and output signals in tandem with the ports at the end of the drive. No matter what the type of drive, it has one port for a power supply and one port for transferring data and instructions to and from the rest of the system. 14

15. File system of Hdd FAT(File Allocation Table) NTFS(New Technology File System) Fault Tolerance: FAT32 maintains two different copies of the FAT in the case of damage. Security: FAT32 only offers shared permissions. Compression: FAT32 does not offer any compression option.  Compatibility: FAT32 drives can be both read and written to by the Mac OS. Fault Tolerance: NTFS automatically repairs files/folders in the case of power failures or errors. Security:   NTFS allows you to set specific permissions to local files/folders. Compression: NTFS does allow for individual compression of files and folders so you don’t slow down the system. Compatibility: NTFS is compatible with operating systems back to Windows XP. For Mac OS users, however, NTFS systems can only be read by Mac.

16. Props and cons Props of  HDD: HDD has a large storage capacity. It is small and portable. Its performance is very high. It works faster. Very cheap to produce. Fairly fast to access the data. Easily replaced and upgraded. Persistent storage. It is light in weight. It is fixed inside a computer so cannot be lost. Faster than optical disks like DVD's Lower power. Cons of HDD: Relies on moving parts. The disk surface can be damaged. Heavy power consumption. It is noisy. Slower read and write speed than RAM. Slower to access than hard disk. It is expensive. The regular head can crash and damage the surface of the disk. It is slower than IAS. If a hard disk is crashes and computer do not work and your data will lose. This disk was inside in computer so it can not easily transfer another computer. If it eventually fails, the whole computer stops working at the same moment or at that time. 16

17. SUMMARY 17 A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive, or fixed disk is an electro-mechanical data storage device that stores and retrieves digital data using magnetic storage with one or more rigid rapidly rotating platters coated with magnetic material.

18. THANK YOU