BREAST ANATOMY, PATHOLOGICAL DEFECTS AND CA-BREAST .pptx

BREAST-
ANATOMICAL DEFECTS
PATHOLOGICAL DEFECTS
BREAST CANCER- RISK FACTORS, ETIOLOGY
EXPLAINED IN THE ABOVE PPT WITH WELL ILLUSTRATED IMAGES, TABLES AND EXPLAINATION...
The breast is a highly specialized glandular organ, primarily composed of lobules, ducts, connective tissue, fat, and blood vessels. Structurally, the breast is divided into lobes, each containing smaller lobules that produce milk, which is then carried through the ducts to the nipple. Surrounding this glandular tissue is adipose tissue that gives the breast its shape and volume. The nipple is surrounded by the pigmented area known as the areola.
Etiology of Breast Cancer
The exact cause of breast cancer is multifactorial, with interactions between genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors. Mutations in tumor suppressor genes, such as BRCA1, BRCA2, and TP53, play a critical role in the development of cancer. These mutations lead to uncontrolled cell growth, which forms malignant tumors.

Estrogen exposure is a well-established factor that promotes the proliferation of breast cells, which can lead to DNA damage and cancerous transformations. Environmental toxins, such as exposure to certain chemicals or radiation, can also contribute to breast cancer development by inducing genetic mutations.

Conclusion
Breast diseases, whether anatomical or pathological, range from benign conditions like fibroadenomas and mastitis to malignant forms such as breast cancer. Early detection and understanding of risk factors, such as genetics, hormonal influences, and lifestyle, are critical for prevention and treatment. Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, but advancements in screening and treatment have significantly improved outcomes.

1. OBG & ANATOMY INTERDEPARTMENTAL INTEGRATION TOPIC- BREAST BY- DR. MD SANEN S BHMS 2019-BATCH AMSHMC BELGAUM

2. ANATOMICAL DEFECTS ATROPIC (SMALL) BREAST HYPERTROPHIED (HUGE) BREAST ASYMMETRICAL BREAST ACCESSORY BREAST

3. PATHOLOGICAL DEFECTS OF BREAST

4. 1. ACUTE MASTITIS & BREAST ABSCESS ACUTE PYOGENIC INFECTION OF THE BREAST OCCURS CHIEFLY DURING THE FIRST FEW WEEKS OF LACTATION & SOMETIMES BY ECZEMA OF THE NIPPLES. BACTERIA SUCH AS Staphylococci & Streptococci GAIN ENTRY INTO THE BREAST BY DEVELOPMENT OF CRACKS & FISSURES IN THE NIPPLE. INITIALLY A LOCALISED AREA OF ACUTE INFLAMMATION IS PRODUCED WHICH IF NOT EFFECTIVELY TREATED, MAY CAUSE SINGLE OR MULTIPLE BREAST ABSCESSES.

5. 2. FIBROCYSTIC LESIONS FIBRO-CYSTIC CHANGES ARE QUITE COMMON BENIGN BREAST LESIONS FREQUENTLY BI-LATERAL, PRODUCING VAGUE LUMPY BREASTS RATHER THAN PALPABLE LUMP IN THE BREAST ITS INCIDENCE HAS BEEN REPORTED TO RANGE FROM 10-20% IN ADULT WOMEN, MOST OFTEN BETWEEN 3 RD & 5 TH DECADES OF LIFE.

6. 3 . FIBROADENOMA FIBRO-ADENOMA OR ADENO-FIBROMA IS A BENIGN BI-PHASIC TUMOUR OF FIBROUS & EPITHELIAL ELEMENTS. THOUGH IT CAN OCCUR AT ANY AGE DURING REPRODUCTIVE LIFE, MOST PATIENTS ARE BETWEEN 15-30 YRS. OF AGE CLINICALLY FIBROADENOMA GENERALLY APPEARS AS A SOLITARY, DISCRETE, FREELY MOBILE NODULE WITHIN THE BREAST

7. 4. CARCINOMA OF BREAST CANCER OF THE FEMALE BREAST (CA BREAST) IS AMONG THE COMMONEST OF HUMAN CANCERS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD

8. Breast cancer epithelial cell

9. RISK FACTORS- GEOGRAPHIC & RACIAL FACTORS FAMILY HISTORY MENSTRUAL & OBSTETRIC HISTORY FIBROCYSTIC CHANGE MISCELLANEOUS FACTORS- Consumption of large amt. of animal fats, high calorie foods Cigarette smoking Alcohol consumption Breast augmentation surgery High breast density Exposure to ionizing radiation during breast development.

10. ETIOLOGY HORMONAL FACTORS- BREAST CANCER IS A HORMONE DEPENDENT DISEASE THERE IS SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE TO SUGGEST THAT EXCESS ENDOGENOUS OESTROGEN FOR PROLONGED DURATION IS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BREAST CANCER. GENETIC FACTORS- ABOUT 10% BREAST CANCERS HAVE BEEN FOUND TO HAVE INHERITED MUTATIONS . THESE MUTATIONS INCLUDE BREAST CANCER (BRCA)SUSCEPTIBILITY GENE INHERITED

11. THANK YOU ! Any questions ?