BREAST FEEDING

BREAST FEEDING

1. FACTS ON BREAST FEEDING DR. MAHESWARI JAIKUMAR [email protected]

2. BREAST FEEDING Breast Milk is the nature’s gift to the baby. Breast Feeding is the fundamental right of the baby An average Indian mother secretes 450-600 ml of milk daily with 1.2 , 9% protein

3. A child who is breast- fed has greater chances of survival than a child artificially fed

4. Prolonged breast feeding protects the child from early malnutrition and certain infections

5. EXCLUSIVE BREAST FEEDING Refers to feeding the child with only breast milk, no other food / fluid

6. COLOSTRUM Refers to the first secretion from the breast usually serous, light yellowish in colour, colostrum is rich in immunoglobulin, and therefore potently provides protection against disease

7. PRE-LACTEAL FEEDS Refers to any feed introduced ( eg . Water, Honey, Donkey’s Milk, Cow’s Milk etc.) before the introduction of colostrum or breast milk to the baby

8. ADVANTAGES OF BREAST FEEDING Natural and convenient It contains the requisite nutrition for the baby

9. It is safe, hygienic, clean and cheap It is available to the infant at correct temperature

10. It easily digestible Breast feeding is economical, readily available It prevents infections

11. Promotes mother baby bonding Promotes optimal growth and development( Physical, Intellectual ) Prevents malnutrition

12. It contains antimicrobial factors such as macrophages, lyphocytes , secretory IgA , anti , streptococcal factor, lysozyme and lactoferin which provides protection against diarrhoeal diseases and nectrotizing enterocolitis

13. It is easily digested and utilized by both normal and pre mature babies Sucking is good for the infant, because it helps in development of jaws and teeth

14. It protects babies from tendency to obesity It prevents malnutrition and reduces infant mortality

15. It provides several biochemical advantages such as prevention of neonatal hypocalcemia and hypomagnesaemia Special fatty acids in breast milk lead to increased intelligence quotients and better visual activity

16. Early initiation of breast feeding lowers the mothers risk of post partum haemorrhage and anaemia It boosts mother’s immune system and delays next pregnancy

17. It reduces the insulin requirement of diabetic mothers It protects mother from ovarian and breast cancers and osteoporosis

18. Helps in early involution of the uterus Breast Feeding helps to delay the birth of subsequent child

19. INITIATION OF BREAST FEEDING IN CASE OF NORMAL DELIVERY : As early as possible

20. IN CASE OF CAESSARIAN SECTION : A s early as possible ; as soon as the mother recovers from anaesthesia

21. FREQUENCY & DURATION OF FEEDING Advice breast feeding on demand the baby should be put to breast as long as it wants

22. It is not necessary or desirable to train a baby to “feed by clock” However the interval between feeds are necessary for the mother as well as the child

23. The interval between the feeds may vary from 1-4 hrs according to the baby’s need, size, strength of sucking and the mother’s milk supply

24. Feed the baby on both breast (if the baby refuses) as it would feel full with milk from the breast, then for the next feed, feed the baby on the other breast

25. Encourage a complete feed on one breast, so that the child gets (fore and Hind Milk ) Discourage Bottle feeding

26. COMMON PROBLEMS – DURING BREAST FEEDING Flat – or retracted nipple

27. Sore Nipple

28. Engorged breast, mastitis, breast abscess

29. DURATION BREAST FEEDING Exclusive breast feeding should be advocated for 6 months

30. There after the child should be weaned gradually and complementary feeds should be introduced

31. Breast feeding can be continued as long as desired along with complementary foods when the mother decides to stop breast feeding care should be taken to stop gradually

32. CONTENTS OF BREAST MILK Sl. No. Constituents Qty. gms / Lt 1 Proteins Casein Soluble Proteins Lactalbumin B. Lactoglobulin Lactotrasferrin Immunoglobulin Lyzozome   4 7 3.5 1-2 1-2 0.5

33. CONTENTS OF BREAST MILK Sl. No. Constituents Qty. gms / Lt 2 Non Protein Lipids Linolenic acid 3.5

34. CONTENTS OF BREAST MILK Sl. No. Constituents Qty. gms / Lt 3 Carbohydrates : Lactose Nitrogenous Oligosacharides 70 62 8

35. CONTENTS OF BREAST MILK Sl. No. Constituents Qty. gms / Lt 4 Minerals Ca P Fe 0.33 0.15 0.4-1.5mg

36. CONTENTS OF BREAST MILK Sl. No. Constituents Qty. gms / Lt 5 Vitamins C D 60 mg 50 1U

37. CONTENTS OF BREAST MILK Sl. No. Constituents Qty. gms / Lt 6 Energy 640-720 Kcal / 2670-3000KJ ( ie ) the energy value/ per 100ml = 70 kcal

38. NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT – INFANT Sl. No. Item First 6 Mo Second 6 Mo 1 Energy 120 kcal / kg wt 100 kcal / kg 2 Proteins 2.4 gm milk protein / kg wt 1.8 – 1.2 G/kg 3 Carbohydrates 10 G / kg 10 G / kg

39. NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT – INFANT Sl. No. Item First 6 Mo Second 6 Mo 1 Fats 5 G / kg 5 G / kg 2 Calcium 500 – 600 mg 500 – 600 mg 3 Iron 1 mg / kg 1 mg / kg

40. NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT – INFANT Sl. No. Item First 6 Mo Second 6 Mo 1 Vit ‘A’ 400 µ of retinol 300 microgram of retinol 2 Vit ‘ C ‘ 30 mg 30 mg 3 Vit ‘D’ 200 1U 200 1U

41. NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT – INFANT Sl. No. Item First 6 Mo Second 6 Mo 1 Folates 25 Microgram 25 Microgram 2 Cyanocobalamine 0.2 Mircrogram 0.2 Microgram

42. THANK YOU