Breast Self Examination: Awareness guidelines.pptx

Self breast examination as part of cancer awareness

1. BREAST SELF EXAMINATION DR. ANITA P. G. Scholar P.G . DEPARTMENT OF S WASTHAVRITTA & YOGA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AYURVEDA, JAIPUR

2. Nearly 60 per cent patients with breast cancers are diagnosed in advanced stages. Breast cancer burden is not only limited to disease burden and mortality but also leads to an economic loss for the nation. India lost nearly 6.7 billion USD in 2012 due to cancer, amounting to 0.36 per cent of the total GDP (Gross Domestic Product) . Use of tobacco products (eg smoking cigarettes) is the single most preventable cause of death worldwide. As many as 2,500 persons die every day due to tobacco-related diseases in India.

3. India's first Mammomobile bus service India's first custom-built mammomobile screening bus, operational since 2016, is called Vanakkam Amma ('Welcome Mother' in Tamil), and screens women in a safe and comfortable environment throughout Tamil Nadu for the most common types of cancer, such as breast, cervical, and oral cancers. Digital mammography and ultrasound are the basic tools of the van. Run by Shadi Ganz, a breast cancer survivor, the Mammomobile project up till now has screened more than 20,000 women in 92 villages in Tamil Nadu.(Image: mammomobile.org ) up to 500 mammograms per month have been provided free of cost to women.

4. A cervical examination in most cases can diagnose malignant cancer cells, which can be removed in the Screening Bus under local anaesthetic via LEEP (loop electrosurgical excision procedure) technique. The bus comprises of three sections: 1. A section for mammography examination 2. A control room, where the results of the mammography are collected 3. Another section where women are examined for cervical cancer

5. Nobody knows for certain why some women develop breast cancer and others do not. What is known is:  • It is NOT caused by stress or by injury to the breast.   • Most women DO NOT have any known risk factors or a history of the disease in their families.  • Getting older DOES increase your risk of getting breast cancer, starting at the age of 40 and continuing into your 80s. What do we know about causes?

6.     FAMILY HISTORY If your mother, sister, or daughter has developed breast cancer before menopause, you are three times more likely to develop the disease. If two or more close relatives (e.g., cousins, aunts, grandmothers) have/had breast cancer, you are at increased risk as well. Recently, scientists have found that mutations in genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 increase one's susceptibility to breast cancer. A simple blood test can tell you if you have such a condition. Factors that increase risk…..

7. If you've had breast cancer, you have an increased risk of getting it again. Also, if you've had benign breast disease (e.g., fibrocystic breast disease), you are at an increased risk. The following also put you at greater risk: If you began menstruating early (before age 12) If you take birth control pills (though evidence is not conclusive) PERSONAL HISTORY

8. If you never have children If you have children when you are 30 or older If you have menopause at 55 or older If you take Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) Higher estrogen levels are strongly linked with susceptibility to breast cancer

9. Several studies shown a lower incidence of breast cancer among women who exercise regularly LIFE STYLE Lifestyle factors such as cigarette smoking, diet (fried foods, red meat), alcohol, sun exposure, environmental pollutants, infections, stress, obesity, and physical inactivity can cause 90–95% of the cancers.

10. Cancer prevention requires ….. Smoking cessation Increased ingestion of fruits and vegetables Moderate use of alcohol Exercise Avoidance of direct exposure to sunlight Minimal meat consumption Use of whole grains Breast Self Examination and Regular check-ups.

11. THE PURPOSE OF BSE Become more familiar with your breast Help differentiate between normal and abnormal Every woman’s breasts different Know the look and feel of your breasts Find any changes unusual for YOU

12. When should BSE be done? Age 20 & older Once a month Just after period Same day each month Do not check too often Does not replace clinical examination or mammogram

13. How is a Breast Self Exam Performed? Visual, Physical Examination Breasts checked for Shape, Size Colour Distortion, Swelling Spontaneous nipple discharge Dimpling or puckering Nipple inversion Redness Lumps

14. 4 steps 4 steps to breast self examination

15. Look at breasts in the mirror, arms at side or on hips Check breasts for usual size, shape, colour, no distortion or swelling Look for change in nipple, texture of skin Look for lumps Step 1

16. Now put hands above or behind your head Check the appearance again Step 2

17. Lying down Right arm up, pillow behind the shoulder Feel the right breast with left hand and surrounding area Fell for lumps, thickening, Different area Notice for persistent or worsening lumps Repeat for the left breast Step 3

18. 3 levels of pressure needed Soft (feel just under skin) Medium (feel a little deeper ) Firm (feel the deepest tissue) Pressure

19. Follow a Pattern Spiral (concentric circles) Pie shape wedges Up and down

20. Moving in Tiny Circles For any pattern, try moving the fingers in tiny circles Doesn’t matter which pattern, but best to be consistent

21. Standing or sitting May be easiest in shower or with lotion Examine both breasts using same hand movements Record observations, mark calendar for next month Step 4

22. Factors that can affect BSE Menstruation- related changes, tenderness Inconsistent examination Natural, generalised lumpiness

23. No discomfort Breasts can feel tender around menstruation How does BSE feel?

24. Don’t Panic May go away with menstruation If lump persists, see your doctor I found a breast lump- what should I do?

25. Appointment with Doctor Majority of lumps are not cancerous Ease fears Early detection

26. Evaluating a Breast Abnormality Medical History Physical examination Diagnostic Imaging Pathology

27. Experts disagree about BSE May not detect cancer earlier? May not save lives? Useful for learning the normal look and feel of YOUR Breasts Opposing Views

28. Visual and Physical Inspection Ideally Performed once a month Done while sitting and standing Requires a pattern Familiarizes a woman with her breasts Detection there may be faster or easier Please consult a healthcare professional for more information Summary