Breeding in jackfruit, breeding objectives

jackfruit production technology

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2. Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola Post Graduate Institute, Akola Department of Fruit Science Breeding of Fruit Crops FSC-506 TITLE:- Breeding in Jackfruit Submitted to : Dr. U. A. Raut Associate professor Dept. of Fruit Science PGI, Akola Submitted by : Satish Kailas Rathod M. Sc 1 st year Dept. of Fruit Science PGI, Akola

3. Origin and distribution :- Jack fruit is indigenous to India, commonly grown in Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Brazil, Jamaica, Myanmar, Singapore, India. In India it grows in a wild and semi-wild state in Assam, W.B, Tripura, Bihar, UP and Western Ghats.

4. Taxonomical status:- Kingdom --- Plantae Subkingdom --- Viridiplantae Division --- Tracheophyta Subdivision --- Spermatophytina Class --- Magnoliopsida Order --- Rosales Family --- Moraceae Genus --- Artocarpus Species --- Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.

5. Species and Cultivars :- A. altilis - bread fruit- small sized round fruit, found in TN, Assam, Mah & Kerala. A. lakoocha - Monkey Jack- Small edible fruits- it grows wild in Assam, WB, UP & Western ghats. A. hirsute- is a semi-wild edible species, native to India. A. champeden - edible fruit with strong odour like durian.

6. Varieties:- Some types with local names like ‘ gulabi ’(rose scented), ‘ Champa ’, Hazari , Rudrakshi (small roundish fruits) are also available. A genotype (No.7) was selected from Uttar Pradesh, with moderate yields. A variety GKVK-1 and Swarna with superior quality fruits were released from Karnataka and Gumless jack, Muttan Varica from Kerala also found to perform better. The variety Singapore or Ceylon Jack is remarkable for its early bearing in 21/2 to 3 years; the fruits are medium in size (7-10 kgs). The flesh is sweet and crispy. The carpels are compacts, yellow and firm with strong aroma, the fruit contain about 80 seeds.

7. Breeding objective:- In jackfruit, the trees are erratic in bearing and the fruit yield varies every year. Hence, the first objective is to develop a variety that is regular and prolific in bearing high quality fruits. The edible pulp (bulbs) forms 29% of the ripe fruit, the seeds 12% and the outer rind 59%. The outer rind consists of soft structural matrix (non-edible Varietal Improvement 39 internal tissues) and fleshy yellow-green spines on the skin. The content of this mass in a fruit needs to be reduced through breeding. Jackfruit tree has a long juvenile phase (7-8 years). Reducing the long juvenile period is another important breeding objective. According to Richards (1950), Singapore variety comes into bearing in about 18 months under favourable conditions in Sri Lanka.

8. Selection List of selected cultivars in different countries:- Bangladesh:- Topa , Hazari , Chala , Goal, Koa, Khaja India :- Khujja or Karcha , Ghila , or Ghula , Hazari , Rudrakshi , Gulabi,Hazar , NJT I, NJT 2, NJT 3, NJT 4, Koozha Navarikka or Pazam Varikka , Safeda , Khaja, Bhusila , Bhadaiyan , Handia,Mammoth , Everbearer , Rose-scented, Kooli , Varika , Gerissal,Barica , Ghila , Karcha , Rudrakshi , Champa , Safeda , Khaja,Bhusila , Bhadaiyan , Handia , T-Nagar, Jack, Velipala , Ghulabi,Champa , Singapore or Ceylon Jack Myanmar:- Talaing , Kala Sri lanka :- Vela, Varaka ( Waraka ), Peniwaraka , Kuruwaraka , Singapore:-Jack/Ceylon Jack

9. Hybridization There is hardly any published report on hybridization in jackfruit. As wide genetic variability exists in this crop, there is an 52 Jackfruit Improvement in the Asia-Pacific Region - A Status Repor apparent need to exploit heterosis for yield gain and improvement in fruit quality. Interspecific hybridization also deserves attention in order to know the species that are compatible with jackfruit and their contribution in a particular direction. For example, tree size (dwarfness), precocity, hardiness for salt, low water stress, etc.

10. Hybridization conti … The jackfruit and breadfruit have considerable potential. Planned breeding with the aid of biotechnological skills is required in order to exploit their potential. The Fruit Experimental Station at Kallar started breeding work in 1952 with a view to developing short, compact, multi-branched trees; precocious and productive; bearing large, yellow, high quality fruits, 1/2 in the main season, 1/2 late. The variety Singapore Jack was chosen as the female parent because of its early and late crops and Velipala , a local selection from the forest having large fruits with large carpels of superior quality, and borne regularly in the main summer season was selected as the male parent. After 25 years of testing, one hybrid was rated as outstanding for precocity, fruit size, off-season as well as main season production, and yield excelling its parents. It had not been named when reported by Chellappan and Roche in 1982.

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