Bronchodilator drugs

Bronchodilator drugs

1. BRONCHODILATOR DRUGS PREPARED BY, Mrs. Rijo lijo

2. INTRODUCTION Bronchodilators are medications that open (dilate) the airways (bronchial tubes) of the lung by relaxing bronchial muscles and allow people who have difficulty breathing to breath better.

3. INDICATIONS Asthma Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD Allergic reactions Related conditions that cause breathing problems

4. TYPES OF BRONCHODILATOR

5. Types of bronchodilators Beta-adrenergic bronchodilators dilate bronchial airways by relaxing the muscles that surround the airways. Beta-adrenergic bronchodilators are beta-2 agonists. These medications stimulate beta-2 receptors on the smooth muscle cells that line the airways, causing these muscle cells to relax, thus, opening airways.

6. Anticholinergic bronchodilators block the effect of acetylcholine on airways and nasal passages. Acetylcholine is a chemical that nerves use to communicate with muscle cells. In asthma, cholinergic nerves going to the lungs cause narrowing of the airways by stimulating muscles surrounding the airways to contract. The "anticholinergic" effect of anticholinergic bronchodilators blocks the effect of cholinergic nerves, causing the muscles to relax and airways to dilate.

7. Xanthine derivatives open airways by relaxing the smooth muscles in the walls of the airways and they also suppress the response of the airways to stimuli. The mechanism of action of xanthines is not fully understood. Xanthine derivatives may dilate bronchi by blocking the action of phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes which ultimately leads to increased concentration of chemicals that dilate bronchial airways.

8. SIDE EFFECTS OF Beta-adrenergic bronchodilators Migraine headaches Non-migraine headaches Nausea Stomach upset Flu-like symptoms Cold symptoms Ear infections (otitis media) Bronchitis Cough

9. Bronchospasm (worsening of asthma) Serious allergic reactions ( anaphylaxis) Hypokalemia Abnormal heart rhythm (palpitations) Fast heart rate Hypertension Chest pain

10. Anticholinergic bronchodilators side effects Dry mouth Cough Headache Nausea Dizziness Difficulty breathing

11. Rash Itching Flu-like symptoms Indigestion Back pain Sinusitis Bronchitis

12. Xanthines side effects Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Headaches Irritability

13. CONTRAINDICATIONS Patient with uncontrolled arrythmias . Prolonged use of albuterol may cause hypokalemia.

14. NURSES RESPONSIBILITIES •Nurse should monitor the patient’s blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and breathing sounds . •Teach the patients that how to use inhalers . •Instruct the patient to avoid respiratory irritants, such as smoke, dust, and strong smell.