Bronsted lowry acid and base

explaining B-L theory of acids and bases

1. ACID &BASE
THEORIES
Lesson
1:Bronsted/Lowry
Theory of Acids and
Bases

2. OBJECTIVES
Define a Brønsted–Lowry acid as a proton/H+ donor and a Brønsted–Lowry
base is a proton/H+ acceptor.
State that an amphiprotic species can act as both Brønsted–Lowry acids and
bases.
Distinguish between a pair of species differing by a single proton as a
conjugate acid-base pair.

3. BRONSTED/LOWRY THEORY OF
ACIDS AND BASES
Danish chemist Bronsted + English chemist Lowry independently
proposed new definitions for an acid and a base
These simply state that:
Acid is hydrogen-ion donor (H
+
or proton)
Base is hydrogen-ion acceptor.
Acids and bases always come in pairs.

4. BRØNSTED-LOWRY
EX:-
HCl When it dissolves in water, it gives it’s proton to
water.
HCl
(g)+ H
2O
(l)↔ H
3O
+
(aq)+ Cl
-
(aq)
to understand this reaction watch the hydrogen atom of
HCl.

5. CONSIDER THIS
When hydrogen chloride is added to water the following
reaction occurs
HCl + H
2O H
3O
+
+ Cl
-
Because this
donates a
proton it is
a B/L acid
Because this
accepts a
proton it is
a B/L base

6. CONSIDER THIS
When ammonia gas dissolves in water the following
reaction occurs
NH
3+ H
2O NH
4
+
+
OH
-
Accept
s a
proton
B/L
base
Donate
s a
proton
B/L
acid

7. IMPORTANT NOTE
Water can act as either an acid or a base
for this reason is known as Amphoteric or
Amphiprotic

8. IDENTIFY THE B/L ACID IN THE
FOLLOWING EQUATION
In the following reaction between Hydrogen chloride and
Ammonia
HCl + NH
3 NH
4
+
+ Cl
-

9. THE BRØNSTED-LOWRY
MODEL

10. NOTE
An acid will only donate a proton when there is
something there to accept it
A base will only accept a proton if there is something
there to donate it

11. THE BRØNSTED-
LOWRYMODEL
CONJUGATE ACID-BASEPAIR
When an acid donates its proton, the remaining part of the acid is called the
conjugate base of that acid.

12. THE BRØNSTED-
LOWRY MODEL
CONJUGATE ACID-
BASE PAIR
Also, when a base accepts a proton, the remaining part of the base is called the
conjugate acid of that base.

13. THE BRØNSTED-LOWRY
MODEL CONJUGATE ACID -
BASE PAIR
Hence,
togethertheacidanditsconjugatebaseareknownasan
conjugateacid-basepair.
Thesamethingapplyonabaseanditsconjugateacid.

14. IDENTIFY B/L ACID-BASE
PAIRS IN THE FOLLOWING
EQUATIONS
CH
3COOH + H
2O CH
3COO
-
+ H
3O
+
CH
3COO
-
+ H
3O
+
CH
3COOH +
H
2O

15. DETERMINE THE ACID, BASE,
CONJUGATE ACID AND CONJUGATE
BASE!
1). ??????????????????????????????+ �??????�??????????????????→�??????????????????????????????+ ??????2�????????????
2). ??????2??????�4 + ??????2�→??????3�
+
+ ????????????�
−
4

16. THE BRØNSTED-
LOWRY MODEL
SUMMARY
1)An acid donates a proton and becomes a
conjugate base.
2)A base accepts a proton and becomes a
conjugate acid.
3)Ampholytes are substances that can behave
either as an acid or a base