bt brinjal

development of Bt brinjal

1. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE JUNAGADH AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY JUNAGADH Submitted to :-Dr. Rajiv Kumar Assistant Professor Submitted by :-Deep Rudani, Elvish Poshiya Roll no. :-134, 133 Reg. no. :-5010117011, 5010117010 Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding CoA,Junagadh

2. BT BRINJAL

3. FSB Damage

4. Shoot damage Fruit Damage 50 - 90% of damage is caused by fruit and shoot bo r er

5. Why we need Bt brinjal ?? No natural resistance in germplasm Limited success with traditional management strategies Huge use of pesticides results in development of resistance in insects Harmful effects on environment, health of farmer and consumers Bt brinjal has potential to provide economic and health benefits

6. Benefits to farmers Farmers are expected to benefit at multiple levels. Some of these include: Considerable reduction in cost of production by saving on cost of insecticides and lower labor cost as a result of reduced spraying. Manifold increase in yield per unit area by saving fruits from damage caused by FSB. Significant improvement in marketable fruits thereby increasing income per unit area. Reduction in direct exposure to insecticides leading to lesser health problems.

7. Benefits to ecology and environment Reduction in pesticide residues in soil and water in brinjal fields. Lesser pollution of air and local environment due to decreased use of insecticides. Protection of naturally occurring predators and parasitoids and other beneficial organisms due to reduced use of insecticides. Reduction in soil and ground-water contamination. Safeguarding soil microflora and invertebrates from damage caused by unintended and excessive use of insecticides.

8. Development of Bt Brinjal .. Bt brinjal , developed by: The Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Ltd. (Mahyco), Mumbai, a subsidiary of Monsanto Company, and The University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS), Dharwad and The Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore . 15

9. Scientific Validations Environment Health Issues Technology Biodiversity Insect Resistance Gene transfer to humans / animals and other living systems Toxins and Allergens T r an s f orm a tion S y st e ms Antibiotic marker systems

10. Socio-economic issues Food security Regulatory issues Small Farmer Affordability TNCs Ownership / IPR issues Socioeconomic Issues in Commercialization of Bt Brinjal GM Labeling - Infrastructure

11. Percentage (%) of different Stakeholders participated in the National consultations on Bt.Brinjal at different locations Date of Consultation Location Total Particip ants ( As per R egi s t r a tion) Farmers/Far mers o r g aniz a t io n s (%) NGOs/Consu mer F orum/ E n vi r o nmentalists (%) Scie n ti s ts/Ex perts (%) Stud e tns/R esearchers (%) Govt officials, P oliti c al/ E le cted bodies/me mbers (%) Individuals, citizen gr ou p s/bu s i ness, Traders, Industries (%) 1 2 3 4 5 6 13-01-2010 Kolkata 478 13%(62) 17%(81) 31%(148) 1 4 %( 6 7) 18%(86) 7%(34) 16-01-2010 Bubaneswar 623 4 4 %( 2 7 4 ) 36%(224) 2%(12) 1 1 %( 6 9) 1%(6) 6%(38) 19-01-2010 Ahmadabad 1051 4 9 %( 5 1 5 ) 18%(189) 5%(53) 1 4 %( 1 4 7 ) 1%(10) 13%(137) 27-01-2010 Nagpur 1210 6 2 %( 7 5 ) 12%(145) 7%(85) 8%(97) 3%(36) 8%(97) 29-01-2010 Chandigarh 491 6 2 %( 3 4 ) 22%(108) 6%(30) 2%(10) 0% 8%(39) 31-01-2010 Hyderabad 719 6 %( 4 3 2 ) 18%(129) 11%(79) 7%(50) 1%(7) 3%(22) 6/2/2010 Bangalore 1348 4 8 %( 6 4 7 ) 14%(189) 12%(162) 3%(40) 1%(13) 22%(297) Total 5920 5 % ( 2 9 8 4 ) 18%(1065) 10%(569) 8 % ( 4 8 0) 3%(158) 11%(664) Source: Centre for Environment Education, Report on National Consultations

12. 11% 11% 19% 7% 35% 17% 0% 5% 1 % 1 5 % 2 % 2 5 % 3 % 3 5 % 4 % Biodiversity and Environment Pest Management Economy and Livelihoods Consumer Concerns Human Health and Bio-safety Approval Process % of total Arguments on Different Parameters Source: Centre for Environment Education, Report on National Consultations

13. Moratorium on Commercial Release of Bt.Brinjal Mr. Ramesh attributed the decision for Moratorium to several factors: There is no clear consensus within the Scientific community itself There is so much opposition from the State governments -Opposition from 10 State governments, especially form the major brinjal-production states When responsible civil society organizations and eminent scientists have raised many serious questions that have not been answered satisfactorily When public sentiment is negative and fears among consumers and the lack of a global precedent Questions raised about the safety and testing process When Bt-brinjal will be the very first genetically modified vegetable to be introduced anywhere in the world, and When there is no over-riding urgency to introduce it here. The lack of an independent biotechnology regulatory authority

14. Bt crop Cotton Country Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Canada, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, European Union (EU), India, Japan, Mexico, Myanmar, New Zealand, Pakistan, Parag uay, Philippines, Sine, South Africza, South Korea, Sudan, Taiwan, United States of America (USA) Eggplant Bangladesh Ma iz e Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Egypt, EU, Honduras, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Panama, Paraguay, Philippines, Russian Federation, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, USA, Uruguay, Vietna Current Status of Bt Technology At the end of 2015, an estimated 25.2 million hectares of land were planted with crops containing the Bt gene. The following table shows the countries that have commercialized Bt crops and its products, from 1996 to 2015.

15. P op l ar C hina P ot a to Australia, Canada, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Philippines, Russian Federation, South Korea, USA Rice China, Iran Soybean Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, EU, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Paraguay, Philippines, Russian Federation, South Africa, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, USA, Uruguay, Vietnam Tomato Canada, USA

16. ENVIRONMENT THE HINDU Bt Brinjal poses a risk to health, environment: Greenpeace report NEW DELHI: APRIL 30, 2012 23:57 IST t An independent enquiry has revealed that the cultivation of genetically engineered Bt brinjal poses risks to the environment and possibly to human health. The occurrence of wild, weedy and also cultivated relatives presents a likelihood that the GE Bt gene will spread to these relatives but, so far, this has largely been overlooked in the risk assessments for GE Bt brinjal, it says. Genetically engineered Bt brinjal and the implications for plant biodiversity – revisited , an independent study commissioned by Greenpeace International, finds that brinjal relatives do occur in the regions where cultivation of GE Btbrinjal is proposed, and that GE Bt brinjal may mate with these relatives to spread the GE Bt gene. Spread of the GE Bt gene would have considerable ecological implications, as well as implications for future crop contamination and farmers' rights. Importantly, the spread of the GE Bt gene could result in the brinjal becoming an aggressive and problematic weed, the Greenpeace report suggests, while impressing upon the governments the need to employ the precautionary principle and not permit any authorisation of the outdoor cultivation of GE Btbrinjal, including field trials

17. What are the safety concerns?  Toxicity  Allergenicity  Out-crossing / Gene flow organisms   Effects on non-target Environmental impact  Pest resistance All safety issues were addressed before regulatory approval was given

18. Reasons for failure of bt brinjal in india Public awareness Problems of irreresponsible reporting Medias antitechnology stance certainly sells In india Communication gap