Budgeting for planning and control: The Basic Franework of Budgeting

Budget adalah rencana terperinci tentang pemerolehan dan penggunaan sumber daya keuangan dan sumber daya lainnya selama suatu periode waktu tertentu

1. Akuntansi Manajemen
Dr. Suyatmini, SE., M.Si
Magister Manajemen
Program Pascasarjana
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

2. REFERENSI
•Management Accounting- Don Hansen
and Maryanne Mowen.
•Managerial Accounting – Ray H. Garrison,
Eric W. Noreen and Peter C. Brewer.
•Management Accounting – A.A. Atkinson
•Management Accounting – Ronald W.
Hilton.

3. Budgeting for planning and control
The Basic Franework of Budgeting
Budget adalah rencana terperinci tentang pemerolehan dan
penggunaan sumber daya keuangan dan sumber daya
lainnya selama suatu periode waktu tertentu
1.Tindakan penyusunan anggaran disebut budgeting.
2.Penggunaan anggaran untuk mengendalikan aktivitas
perusahaan disebut budgetary control.

4. Planning and Control
PlanningPlanning – –
Menentukan Menentukan
tindakan2 apa yang tindakan2 apa yang
harus dilakukan untuk harus dilakukan untuk
merealisasikan tujuan merealisasikan tujuan
tertentu.tertentu.
ControlControl – –
Menilai apa yang Menilai apa yang
telah dihasilkan dan telah dihasilkan dan
membandingkannya membandingkannya
dengan rencana yang dengan rencana yang
telah disusun.telah disusun.

5. Advantages of Budgeting
Advantages
Define goalDefine goal
and objectivesand objectives
Uncover potentialUncover potential
bottlenecksbottlenecks
CoordinateCoordinate
activitiesactivities
CommunicateCommunicate
plansplans
Think about andThink about and
plan for the futureplan for the future
Means of allocatingMeans of allocating
resourcesresources

6. Responsibility Accounting
Seorang Manajer harus dibuat bertanggung Seorang Manajer harus dibuat bertanggung
jawab atas permasalahan tertentu dan jawab atas permasalahan tertentu dan
hanya masalah tsb saja sehingga manajer hanya masalah tsb saja sehingga manajer
dapat melakukan pengendalian pada dapat melakukan pengendalian pada
tingkat yg signifikan.tingkat yg signifikan.

7. Memilih Periode Anggaran
Anggaran OperasiAnggaran Operasi
2003 2004 2005 2006
Anggaran operasi mencakup Anggaran operasi mencakup
Periode satu tahun, dibagi anggaran Periode satu tahun, dibagi anggaran
kuartal atau kuartal atau
anggaran bulanan.anggaran bulanan.
Anggaran berlanjut atau perpetualAnggaran berlanjut atau perpetual
adl anggaran 12 bulanan yg bergerakadl anggaran 12 bulanan yg bergerak
maju ke bulan berikutnya (atau kuartalmaju ke bulan berikutnya (atau kuartal
berikutnya) bila bulan (kuartal) berikutnya) bila bulan (kuartal)
saat ini telah berakhirsaat ini telah berakhir

8. Anggaran Partisipatif
Anggaran yg disusun dengan kerja sama dan partisipasi Anggaran yg disusun dengan kerja sama dan partisipasi
penuh dari seluruh nmanajer pada segala tingkatan penuh dari seluruh nmanajer pada segala tingkatan
disebut disebut participative budget participative budget atauatau self imposed self imposed
budget.budget.
Supervisor Supervisor
Middle
Managem ent
Supervisor Supervisor
Middle
Managem ent
Top Managem ent

9. Keunggulan Anggaran Partisipatif
1.1.Setiap orang pada semua tingkatan organisasi diakui sebagai anggota tim yg Setiap orang pada semua tingkatan organisasi diakui sebagai anggota tim yg
pandangan dan penilaiannya dihargai oleh manajemen puncak.pandangan dan penilaiannya dihargai oleh manajemen puncak.
2.2.Estimasi anggaran yg dibuat oleh manajer lini depan sering kali lebih akurat Estimasi anggaran yg dibuat oleh manajer lini depan sering kali lebih akurat
dan andal dibandingkan dg estimasi yg dibuat oleh manajer puncak yg kurang dan andal dibandingkan dg estimasi yg dibuat oleh manajer puncak yg kurang
memiliki pengetahuan mendalam mengenai pasar dan operasi harian.memiliki pengetahuan mendalam mengenai pasar dan operasi harian.
3.3.Timbul motivasi yg lebih tinggi bila individu berpartisipasi dalam menentukan Timbul motivasi yg lebih tinggi bila individu berpartisipasi dalam menentukan
tujuan mereka sendiri, dibandingkan bila tujuan tsb ditetapkan dari atas. tujuan mereka sendiri, dibandingkan bila tujuan tsb ditetapkan dari atas.
Anggaran yang ditetapkan sendiri menciptakan adanya komitmen.Anggaran yang ditetapkan sendiri menciptakan adanya komitmen.
4.4.Seorang manajer yg tdk dapat memenuhi anggaran yg ditetapkan dari atas Seorang manajer yg tdk dapat memenuhi anggaran yg ditetapkan dari atas
selalu dapat berkata bahwa anggaran tsb tidak realistis dan tidak mungkin selalu dapat berkata bahwa anggaran tsb tidak realistis dan tidak mungkin
untuk dicapai. Dengan anggaran partisipatif, alasan semacam ini tidak akan untuk dicapai. Dengan anggaran partisipatif, alasan semacam ini tidak akan
timbul.timbul.

10. Faktor Manusia dalam
Penganggaran
Keberhasilan program anggaran juga tergantung pada:Keberhasilan program anggaran juga tergantung pada:
1.1.Seberapa jauh manajemen puncak menerima program Seberapa jauh manajemen puncak menerima program
anggaran sebagai bagian penting dari aktivitas anggaran sebagai bagian penting dari aktivitas
perusahaan.perusahaan.
2.2.Dalam pelaksanaan program anggaran,manajemen Dalam pelaksanaan program anggaran,manajemen
puncak untuk tidak menggunakan anggaran untuk puncak untuk tidak menggunakan anggaran untuk
menekan atau menyalahkan karyawan.menekan atau menyalahkan karyawan.
3.3.Cara manajemen puncak menggunakan data yang Cara manajemen puncak menggunakan data yang
dianggarkan.dianggarkan.

11. Penganggaran Berbasis Nol
Penganggaran berbasis nol (Zero based
budget) merupakan suatu alternatif.
Berdasarkan anggaran berbasis nol, manajer
dituntut untuk menentukan seluruh
pengeluaran yang dianggarkan, tidak hanya
sekedar mengubah anggaran tahun lalu.
Dasar penyusunanannya adalah nol, bukan
tahun lalu

12. Komite Anggaran
Komite anggaran bertanggung jawab atas: Komite anggaran bertanggung jawab atas:
–Semua masalah kebijakan yg berkaitan Semua masalah kebijakan yg berkaitan
dengan program anggaran.dengan program anggaran.
–Berkaitan dengan koordinasi Berkaitan dengan koordinasi
penyusunan anggaran itu sendiri.penyusunan anggaran itu sendiri.

13. Anggaran Induk (master budget)
•Anggaran induk (master budget) adalah
rencana keuangan komperhensif untuk
keseluruhan organisasi, terdiri atas
berbagai anggaran individual.
•Anggaran induk dapat dibagi:
- anggaran operasi
- anggaran keuangan

14. Anggaran Operasi
Anggaran Operasi terdiri dari laporan laba rugi yang
dianggarkan serta beberapa data pendukung:
1.Anggaran Penjualan
2.Anggaran Produksi
3.Anggaran Pembelian bahan langsung
4.Anggaran tenaga kerja langsung
5.Anggaran overhead
6.Anggaran beban penjualan dan administrasi
7.Anggaran persediaan akhir barang jadi
8.Anggaran harga pokok penjualan

15. Anggaran Keuangan
Anggaran Keuangan terdiri dari:
1.Anggaran kas
2.Anggaran neraca
3.Anggaran pengeluaran modal

16. The Master Budget: An Overview
Production
Budget
Selling and
Administrative
Budget
Direct
Materials
Budget
Manufacturing
Overhead
Budget
Direct
Labor
Budget
Cash
Budget
Sales
Budget
Budgeted Financial StatementsBudgeted Financial Statements
Ending
Finished Goods
Budget

17. Anggaran Sebagai Evaluasi kinerja
Dua hal yang perlu diperhatikan:
1.Menentukan bagaimana jumlah yang
dianggarkan dibandingkan dengan hasil
aktual.
2.Mempertimbangkan dampak anggaran
terhadap perilaku manusia.

18. Anggaran Statis VS Anggaran
Fleksibel
•Anggaran Statis (Statis Budget) :
anggaran yang dibuat berdasarkan tingkat
aktivitas yang ditentukan.
•Anggaran Fleksibel: anggaran yang
menjadikan perusahaan memiliki
kemampuan untuk menghitung biaya yang
diharapkan selama rentang aktivitas.

19. Dimensi Perilaku dari Anggaran
•Keselarasan tujuan (goal congruence): kesesuaian
tujuan manajer dan tujuan organisasi.
•Perilaku disfungsional (dysfunctional behavior): perilaku
individu yang memiliki konflik dasar dengan tujuan
organisasi.
•Slack anggaran (padding the budget) timbul bila manajer
sengaja menetapkan terlalu rendah pendapatan atau
menetapkan terlalu besar biaya.
•Partisipasi semu (pseudoparticipation): manajemen
puncak hanya secara formal menerima anggaran dari
manajer bawahan, dan tidak mempelajari masukan yang
diberikan. Dengan demikian manfaat perilaku yang
diharapkan dari partisipasi tidak akan terwujud

20. Budgeting Example
Royal Company is preparing budgets for the quarter Royal Company is preparing budgets for the quarter
ending June 30.ending June 30.
Budgeted sales for the next five months are:Budgeted sales for the next five months are:
April April 20,000 units20,000 units
May May 50,000 units50,000 units
June June 30,000 units30,000 units
July July 25,000 units25,000 units
August August 15,000 units.15,000 units.
The selling price is $10 per unit.The selling price is $10 per unit.

21. The Sales Budget
The individual months of April, May, and June are
summed to obtain the total projected sales in units
and dollars for the quarter ended June 30
th

22. Expected Cash Collections
•All sales are on account.All sales are on account.
•Royal’s collection pattern is:Royal’s collection pattern is:
70% collected in the month of sale,70% collected in the month of sale,
25% collected in the month following sale,25% collected in the month following sale,
 5% uncollectible.5% uncollectible.
•The March 31 accounts receivable balance of The March 31 accounts receivable balance of
$30,000 will be collected in full.$30,000 will be collected in full.

23. Expected Cash Collections

24. Expected Cash Collections
From the Sales Budget for April.From the Sales Budget for April.

25. Expected Cash Collections
From the Sales Budget for May.From the Sales Budget for May.

26. Quick Check 
What will be the total cash collections for the What will be the total cash collections for the
quarter? quarter?
a. $700,000a. $700,000
b. $220,000b. $220,000
c. $190,000c. $190,000
d. $905,000d. $905,000

27. What will be the total cash collections for the What will be the total cash collections for the
quarter? quarter?
a. $700,000a. $700,000
b. $220,000b. $220,000
c. $190,000c. $190,000
d. $905,000d. $905,000
Quick Check 

28. Expected Cash Collections

29. The Production Budget
ProductionProduction
BudgetBudget
Sales Sales
BudgetBudget
andand
ExpectedExpected
CashCash
CollectionsCollections
C
o
m
p
le te d
Production must be adequate to meet budgetedProduction must be adequate to meet budgeted
sales and provide for sufficient ending inventory.sales and provide for sufficient ending inventory.

30. The Production Budget
•The management at Royal Company wants ending The management at Royal Company wants ending
inventory to be equal to inventory to be equal to 20%20% of the following month’s of the following month’s
budgeted sales in units.budgeted sales in units.
•On March 31, 4,000 units were on hand.On March 31, 4,000 units were on hand.
Let’s prepare the production budget.Let’s prepare the production budget.

31. The Production Budget

32. The Production Budget
March 31March 31
ending inventoryending inventory
Budgeted May sales 50,000
Desired ending inventory % 20%
Desired ending inventory 10,000

33. Quick Check 
What is the required production for May? What is the required production for May?
a. 56,000 unitsa. 56,000 units
b. 46,000 unitsb. 46,000 units
c. 62,000 unitsc. 62,000 units
d. 52,000 unitsd. 52,000 units

34. What is the required production for May? What is the required production for May?
a. 56,000 unitsa. 56,000 units
b. 46,000 unitsb. 46,000 units
c. 62,000 unitsc. 62,000 units
d. 52,000 unitsd. 52,000 units
Quick Check 

35. The Production Budget

36. The Production Budget
Assumed ending inventory.Assumed ending inventory.

37. The Direct Materials Budget
•At Royal Company, At Royal Company, five poundsfive pounds of material are of material are
required per unit of product.required per unit of product.
•Management wants materials on hand at the Management wants materials on hand at the
end of each month equal to end of each month equal to 10%10% of the of the
following month’s production.following month’s production.
•On March 31, 13,000 pounds of material are On March 31, 13,000 pounds of material are
on hand. Material cost is on hand. Material cost is $0.40$0.40 per pound. per pound.
Let’s prepare the direct materials Let’s prepare the direct materials
budget.budget.

38. The Direct Materials Budget
From production budgetFrom production budget

39. The Direct Materials Budget

40. The Direct Materials Budget
Calculate the materials toCalculate the materials to
by purchased in May.by purchased in May.
March 31 inventoryMarch 31 inventory
10% of following months
production needs.

41. Quick Check 
How much materials should be purchased in May? How much materials should be purchased in May?
a. 221,500 poundsa. 221,500 pounds
b. 240,000 poundsb. 240,000 pounds
c. 230,000 poundsc. 230,000 pounds
d. 211,500 poundsd. 211,500 pounds

42. How much materials should be purchased in May? How much materials should be purchased in May?
a. 221,500 poundsa. 221,500 pounds
b. 240,000 poundsb. 240,000 pounds
c. 230,000 poundsc. 230,000 pounds
d. 211,500 poundsd. 211,500 pounds
Quick Check 

43. The Direct Materials Budget

44. The Direct Materials Budget
Assumed ending inventoryAssumed ending inventory

45. Expected Cash Disbursement for
Materials
•Royal pays Royal pays $0.40 per pound$0.40 per pound for its materials. for its materials.
•One-half One-half of a month’s purchases is paid for in the of a month’s purchases is paid for in the
month of purchase; the other half is paid in the month of purchase; the other half is paid in the
following month.following month.
•The March 31 accounts payable balance is The March 31 accounts payable balance is
$12,000.$12,000.

Let’s calculate expected cash disbursements.Let’s calculate expected cash disbursements.

46. Expected Cash Disbursement for
Materials

47. Expected Cash Disbursement for
Materials
140,000 lbs. × $.40/lb. = $56,000140,000 lbs. × $.40/lb. = $56,000
Compute the expected cashCompute the expected cash
disbursements for materialsdisbursements for materials
for the quarter.for the quarter.

48. Quick Check 
What are the total cash disbursements for the What are the total cash disbursements for the
quarter? quarter?
a. $185,000a. $185,000
b. $ 68,000b. $ 68,000
c. $ 56,000c. $ 56,000
d. $201,400d. $201,400

49. What are the total cash disbursements for the What are the total cash disbursements for the
quarter? quarter?
a. $185,000a. $185,000
b. $ 68,000b. $ 68,000
c. $ 56,000c. $ 56,000
d. $201,400d. $201,400
Quick Check 

50. Expected Cash Disbursement for
Materials

51. The Direct Labor Budget
•At Royal, each unit of product requires 0.05 hours (3
minutes) of direct labor.
•The Company has a “no layoff” policy so all employees will
be paid for 40 hours of work each week.
•In exchange for the “no layoff” policy, workers agree to a
wage rate of $10 per hour regardless of the hours worked
(No overtime pay).
•For the next three months, the direct labor workforce will be
paid for a minimum of 1,500 hours per month.
Let’s prepare the direct labor budget.Let’s prepare the direct labor budget.

52. The Direct Labor Budget
From production budgetFrom production budget

53. The Direct Labor Budget

54. The Direct Labor Budget
Greater of labor hours requiredGreater of labor hours required
or labor hours guaranteed.or labor hours guaranteed.

55. The Direct Labor Budget

56. Quick Check 
What would be the total direct labor cost for the What would be the total direct labor cost for the
quarter if the company follows its no lay-off policy, quarter if the company follows its no lay-off policy,
but pays $15 (time-and-a-half) for every hour worked but pays $15 (time-and-a-half) for every hour worked
in excess of 1,500 hours in a month? in excess of 1,500 hours in a month?
a. $79,500a. $79,500
b. $64,500b. $64,500
c. $61,000c. $61,000
d. $57,000d. $57,000

57. What would be the total direct labor cost for the What would be the total direct labor cost for the
quarter if the company follows its no lay-off policy, quarter if the company follows its no lay-off policy,
but pays $15 (time-and-a-half) for every hour worked but pays $15 (time-and-a-half) for every hour worked
in excess of 1,500 hours in a month? in excess of 1,500 hours in a month?
a. $79,500a. $79,500
b. $64,500b. $64,500
c. $61,000c. $61,000
d. $57,000d. $57,000
Quick Check 
AprilMay JuneQuarter
Labor hours required1,300 2,300 1,450
Regular hours paid1,500 1,500 1,500 4,500
Overtime hours paid- 800 - 800
Total regular hours4,500 $1045,000$
Total overtime hours800 $1512,000$
Total pay 57,000$

58. Manufacturing Overhead Budget
•At Royal manufacturing overhead is applied to At Royal manufacturing overhead is applied to
units of product on the basis of direct labor hours.units of product on the basis of direct labor hours.
•The variable manufacturing overhead rate is $20 The variable manufacturing overhead rate is $20
per direct labor hour.per direct labor hour.
•Fixed manufacturing overhead is $50,000 per Fixed manufacturing overhead is $50,000 per
month and includes $20,000 of noncash costs month and includes $20,000 of noncash costs
(primarily depreciation of plant assets).(primarily depreciation of plant assets).
Let’s prepare the manufacturing overhead budget.Let’s prepare the manufacturing overhead budget.

59. Manufacturing Overhead Budget
Direct Labor BudgetDirect Labor Budget

60. Manufacturing Overhead Budget
Total mfg. OH for quarter $251,000
Total labor hours required 5,050
= $49.70 per hour*
**roundedrounded

61. Manufacturing Overhead Budget
Depreciation is a noncash charge.Depreciation is a noncash charge.

62. Production costs per unitQuantity Cost Total
Direct materials 5.00 lbs.0.40$ 2.00$
Direct labor
Manufacturing overhead
Budgeted finished goods inventory
Ending inventory in units
Unit product cost
Ending finished goods inventory
Ending Finished Goods Inventory
Budget
Direct materialsDirect materials
budget and informationbudget and information

63. Production costs per unitQuantity Cost Total
Direct materials 5.00 lbs.0.40$ 2.00$
Direct labor 0.05 hrs.10.00$ 0.50
Manufacturing overhead
Budgeted finished goods inventory
Ending inventory in units
Unit product cost
Ending finished goods inventory
Ending Finished Goods Inventory
Budget
Direct labor budgetDirect labor budget

64. Production costs per unitQuantity Cost Total
Direct materials 5.00 lbs.0.40$ 2.00$
Direct labor 0.05 hrs.10.00$ 0.50
Manufacturing overhead 0.05 hrs.49.70$ 2.49
4.99$
Budgeted finished goods inventory
Ending inventory in units
Unit product cost 4.99$
Ending finished goods inventory ?
Ending Finished Goods Inventory
Budget
Total mfg. OH for quarter $251,000
Total labor hours required 5,050
= $49.70 per hour*

65. Production costs per unitQuantity Cost Total
Direct materials 5.00 lbs.0.40$ 2.00$
Direct labor 0.05 hrs.10.00$ 0.50
Manufacturing overhead0.05 hrs.49.70$ 2.49
4.99$
Budgeted finished goods inventory
Ending inventory in units 5,000
Unit product cost 4.99$
Ending finished goods inventory 24,950$
Ending Finished Goods Inventory
Budget
Production BudgetProduction Budget

66. Selling and Administrative Expense
Budget
•At Royal, the selling and administrative expenses At Royal, the selling and administrative expenses
budget is divided into variable and fixed components.budget is divided into variable and fixed components.
•The variable selling and administrative expenses are The variable selling and administrative expenses are
$0.50 per unit sold.$0.50 per unit sold.
•Fixed selling and administrative expenses are $70,000 Fixed selling and administrative expenses are $70,000
per month.per month.
•The fixed selling and administrative expenses include The fixed selling and administrative expenses include
$10,000 in costs – primarily depreciation – that are not $10,000 in costs – primarily depreciation – that are not
cash outflows of the current monthcash outflows of the current month..
Let’s prepare the company’s selling and Let’s prepare the company’s selling and
administrative expense budget.administrative expense budget.

67. Selling and Administrative Expense
Budget
Calculate the selling and administrativeCalculate the selling and administrative
cash expenses for the quarter.cash expenses for the quarter.

68. Quick Check 
What are the total cash disbursements for selling and What are the total cash disbursements for selling and
administrative expenses for the quarter? administrative expenses for the quarter?
a. $180,000a. $180,000
b. $230,000b. $230,000
c. $110,000c. $110,000
d. $ 70,000d. $ 70,000

69. What are the total cash disbursements for selling and What are the total cash disbursements for selling and
administrative expenses for the quarter? administrative expenses for the quarter?
a. $180,000a. $180,000
b. $230,000b. $230,000
c. $110,000c. $110,000
d. $ 70,000d. $ 70,000
Quick Check 

70. Selling and Administrative Expense
Budget

71. Format of the Cash Budget
The cash budget is divided into The cash budget is divided into fourfour sections: sections:
1.1.Cash receipts listing all cash inflows excluding Cash receipts listing all cash inflows excluding
borrowingborrowing
2.2.Cash disbursements listing all payments Cash disbursements listing all payments
excluding repayments of principal and interestexcluding repayments of principal and interest
3.3.Cash excess or deficiencyCash excess or deficiency
4.4.The financing section listing all borrowings, The financing section listing all borrowings,
repayments and interestrepayments and interest

72. The Cash Budget
Royal:Royal:
Maintains a 16% open line of credit for $75,000Maintains a 16% open line of credit for $75,000
Maintains a minimum cash balance of $30,000Maintains a minimum cash balance of $30,000
Borrows on the first day of the month and repays Borrows on the first day of the month and repays
loans on the last day of the monthloans on the last day of the month
Pays a cash dividend of $49,000 in AprilPays a cash dividend of $49,000 in April
Purchases $143,700 of equipment in May and Purchases $143,700 of equipment in May and
$48,300 in June paid in cash$48,300 in June paid in cash
Has an April 1 cash balance of $40,000Has an April 1 cash balance of $40,000

73. The Cash Budget
Schedule of ExpectedSchedule of Expected
Cash CollectionsCash Collections

74. The Cash Budget
Direct LaborDirect Labor
BudgetBudget
ManufacturingManufacturing
Overhead BudgetOverhead Budget
Selling and AdministrativeSelling and Administrative
Expense BudgetExpense Budget
Schedule of ExpectedSchedule of Expected
Cash DisbursementsCash Disbursements

75. The Cash Budget
Because Royal maintainsBecause Royal maintains
a cash balance of $30,000,a cash balance of $30,000,
the company must borrow the company must borrow
$50,000 on it line-of-credit.$50,000 on it line-of-credit.

76. The Cash Budget
Ending cash balance for AprilEnding cash balance for April
is the beginning May balance.is the beginning May balance.

77. The Cash Budget

78. Quick Check 
What is the excess (deficiency) of cash available What is the excess (deficiency) of cash available
over disbursements for June? over disbursements for June?
a. $ 85,000a. $ 85,000
b. $(10,000)b. $(10,000)
c. $ 75,000c. $ 75,000
d. $ 95,000d. $ 95,000

79. What is the excess (deficiency) of cash available What is the excess (deficiency) of cash available
over disbursements for June? over disbursements for June?
a. $ 85,000a. $ 85,000
b. $(10,000)b. $(10,000)
c. $ 75,000c. $ 75,000
d. $ 95,000d. $ 95,000
Quick Check 

80. The Cash Budget
$50,000 × 16% × 3/12 = $2,000$50,000 × 16% × 3/12 = $2,000
Borrowings on April 1 andBorrowings on April 1 and
repayment on June 30.repayment on June 30.

81. The Budgeted Income
Statement
Cash
Budget
Budgeted
Income
Statement
C
o
m
p
le te d
After we complete the cash budget, After we complete the cash budget,
we can prepare the budgeted income we can prepare the budgeted income
statement for Royal.statement for Royal.

82. The Budgeted Income
Statement
Royal Company
Budgeted Income Statement
For the Three Months Ended June 30
Sales (100,000 units @ $10) 1,000,000$
Cost of goods sold (100,000 @ $4.99) 499,000
Gross margin 501,000
Selling and administrative expenses 260,000
Operating income 241,000
Interest expense 2,000
Net income 239,000$
Sales BudgetSales Budget
Ending FinishedEnding Finished
Goods InventoryGoods Inventory
Selling and Selling and
AdministrativeAdministrative
Expense BudgetExpense Budget
Cash BudgetCash Budget

83. The Budgeted Balance Sheet
Royal reported the following account Royal reported the following account
balances prior to preparing its balances prior to preparing its
budgeted financial statements:budgeted financial statements:
–Land - $50,000Land - $50,000
–Common stock - $200,000Common stock - $200,000
–Retained earnings - $146,150Retained earnings - $146,150
–Equipment - $175,000Equipment - $175,000

84. Royal Company
Budgeted Balance Sheet
June 30
Current assets
Cash 43,000$
Accounts receivable 75,000
Raw materials inventory 4,600
Finished goods inventory 24,950
Total current assets 147,550
Property and equipment
Land 50,000
Equipment 367,000
Total property and equipment 417,000
Total assets 564,550$
Accounts payable 28,400$
Common stock 200,000
Retained earnings 336,150
Total liabilities and equities 564,550$
11,500 lbs.11,500 lbs.
at $0.40/lb.at $0.40/lb.
5,000 units5,000 units
at $4.99 eachat $4.99 each
50% of June50% of June
purchases purchases
of $56,800of $56,800
25% of June25% of June
sales of sales of
$300,000$300,000

85. Royal Company
Budgeted Balance Sheet
June 30
Current assets
Cash 43,000$
Accounts receivable 75,000
Raw materials inventory 4,600
Finished goods inventory 24,950
Total current assets 147,550
Property and equipment
Land 50,000
Equipment 367,000
Total property and equipment 417,000
Total assets 564,550$
Accounts payable 28,400$
Common stock 200,000
Retained earnings 336,150
Total liabilities and equities 564,550$
Beginning balance146,150$
Add: net income 239,000
Deduct: dividends (49,000)
Ending balance 336,150$

86. International Aspects of
Budgeting
•Perusahaan multinasional menghadapi
masalah2 khusus pada saat menyusun
anggaran. Masalah ini muncul karena:
1.Fluktuasi nilai tukar mata uang asing .
2.Tingkat inflasi yang tinggi.
3.Kondisi ekonomi lokal dan kebijakan
pemerintah.