Building bye-laws serve as essential legal instruments employed to govern and control various aspects of construction, including parameters such as building coverage, height, the extent of construction, and architectural designs

uilding bye-laws, also known as building codes or regulations, are a set of rules and guidelines established by local, regional, or national authorities to govern the construction, renovation, and maintenance of buildings. These bye-laws are essential for ensuring the safety, structural integrity, and functionality of structures and promoting the well-being of occupants and the environment. However, the specifics of building bye-laws can vary significantly from one jurisdiction to another, reflecting local conditions, cultural preferences, and technological advancements.
Building bye-laws serve as essential legal instruments employed to govern and control various aspects of construction, including parameters such as building coverage, height, the extent of construction, and architectural designs. These regulations play a crucial role in steering and managing the development of a region in an organised and sustainable manner.

In addition to these primary functions, building bye-laws encompass a broader set of responsibilities, such as promoting safety, ensuring adherence to environmental standards, facilitating urban planning, and harmonising with the cultural and historical context of the area. These multifaceted regulations thus serve as a cornerstone in the responsible and well-balanced growth of a locality.
The various aspects of Building Bye-laws are:

Set-back or Building Line: Building bye-laws dictate the minimum open space required in front of buildings facing a road, known as the set-back or building line. This regulation aims to maintain street aesthetics, prevent overcrowding, and enhance safety by improving visibility. Set-back areas can also be repurposed as parking spaces or green areas.
Floor Space Index (FAR) or Floor Area Ratio: FAR, expressed as the ratio of a building's total floor area to the land area it occupies, is used to control the intensity of development. It's a tool for regulating population density. For instance, a FAR of 1.5 means the total floor area is 1.5 times the land area.
Built-up Area: The built-up area is the plot area minus the space allocated for open areas. Building codes specify the maximum permissible built-up area based on the plot size to prevent overdevelopment.
Size of Rooms: Building bye-laws stipulate minimum room sizes to ensure adequate space for health and proper ventilation. Different types of rooms have specific size requirements, promoting comfortable living conditions.
Height of Buildings: The height of buildings is determined based on street width, to maintain urban aesthetics and safety. Narrower streets have lower height allowances.
Lighting and Ventilation: Building codes mandate the provision of windows and ventilators to ensure sufficient room lighting and ventilation. The minimum opening areas are stipulated for different climate conditions.
Water Supply and Sanitary Provisions: Building codes set standards for water supply and sanitation facilities, such as taps, sinks, water

1. Building & Town planning

2. Slum Development as per laws

3. What is building by laws? The rules and regulation framed by town planning authorities covering the requirements of building, ensuring safety of the public through open spaces, minimum size of rooms and height and area limitation, are known as building bye-laws. Rules and regulations which largely regulate the building activity should be formulated to get disciplined growth of building and the better planned development of towns and cities.

4. Objective of building bye-laws pre-planning of building activity. allow orderly growth and prevent haphazard development. Provisions of by-laws usually afford safety against fire, noise, health hazard and structure failure. Provide proper utilization of space to achieved maximum efficiency in planning. They provide health, safety and comfort to the people who live in building. Due to these bye-laws, each building will have proper approaches, light, air and ventilation.

5. Scope of building bye-laws Aspects of different type of building in building bye-laws: Building frontage line Minimum plot size Built up area of building Height of building Provision of safety, water supply, drainage, proper light and ventilation Requirement for off street parking space Size of structural element

6. Applicability of building bye-laws New construction Additional and alternations to a building Changing of occupancy of building (residential  education etc.) Development of land is undertaken In demolition

7. Different types of area Built up area Plinth area Carpet area Super built up area

8. Built up area “The area covered by the building immediately above the plinth level” It is also known as covered area. Details to be included Details not to be included Basement Steps Building Structure Otta Ramps Kundi Swimming pool Soak pit Reservoir Fountain Chimney Manhole Water purification plant Water tank

9. Plinth area Means the built-up covered area measured at the floor level of the basement or of any storey. Area to be included in plinth area Area not to be included in plinth area Area of walls at floor level excluding plinth offset, external area of projecting cladding. Additional floor to accommodate seats in theatre, assembly hall, or auditorium Cover of stair Balcony Barsati Curvature provided to improve appearance Machine room Platform without cover terrace above floor Porch without cantilever Dome, tower at terrace, spiral stairs

10. Carpet area “it is net usable area within building”. Means the net area within a unit of a building excluding walls or columns, service areas such as washrooms, kitchen and pantry, semi- open spaces such as veranda or balcony, and corridors or passages.

11. Set back distance

12. Advantage of set-back Better condition of air, light and ventilation. At corners it improve visibility and safety from traffic. Space for parking. Protection of building from street nuisance like noise. Reduce the danger of fire from neighbor house. It provide privacy in building.

13. Building & control line The line up to which the plinth of the building adjoining a street or road or on future street may lawfully extend is know as building line. Building such as cinemas, factories, commercial center which attract large number of vehicle should be set-back distance apart from the building line. The line up to which such building can be constructed is known as control line.

14. Principles underlying building bye-laws Clas s i f ying the b uildin g wi t h uni t as a f amily and m e n ti o nin g the requirement. Classif y r o o ms ac c o r din g u s e a n d t h e n s p eci f y i n g m i nimu m s t a nda r d of each room with respect to size, height, floor area, ventilation and light. Specify height of compound wall and location of gate in wall. Controlling projection in marginal space. Specify suitable arrangements with respect to drainage and water supply. Specify set-backs, light plan and margin. Specify minimum size of plots, their dimension and figure.

15. Building Bye-laws For Residential Area Size of plots Area limitation Margin Height of the building Plinth height Minimum area of rooms Basement Compound wall Projection margin Parapet wall Mezzanine floor staircase

16. 1.Size of plots: TYPE OF DEVELOPMENT PLOT SIZE FRONTAGE Detached Building >250 m 2 Above 12 m Semi-detached building 125-250 m 2 8-12 m Row type building 50-125 m 2 4.5 to 8 m

17. 2. Area limitation Th e limi t a tion o f a r ea and h eig h t o f the b uildi n g o f di f f . type of construction and occupancy class is achieved by satisfying floor area ratio. The FAR is specified taking into account the following aspect: Occupancy class Type of construction Width of street frontage the building and the traffic load. Parking facilities Local fire fighting facilities Water supply and drainage.

18. Built up area: The FSI shall be 1.0 with maximum utilization up to 0.4 on ground floor. Sr.No. Area of plot Maximum permissible covered area 1. <200 m 2 66.67% of the plot area on ground floor and first floor. Nothing on second floor exceeding 25 % of the ground floor. 2. 201-500 m 2 50 % of the plot area or 133 m 2 which ever is more. 3. 501-1000 m 2 40 % of the plot area or 250 m 2 which ever is more. 4. >1000 m 2 33.33 % of the plot area or 400 m 2 which ever is more.

19. Mar gin Th e op e n s pace s i n sides a n d a r o u n d the provide to carter b u i lding for the particular l y l i g h t i n g a n d r es i de n tial ty p e h a v e to ventilation requirement. Front open space Rear open space Side open space

20. For building upto 300m 2 plot area Sr. No. Plot area (m 2 ) Front open space Rear open space Sides open space 1. Up to 50 0.75 - - 2. 51 to 75 1.0 1.0 0.5 3. 76 to 100 1.25 1.00 0.5 4. 101 to 150 2.0 2.0 1.25 5. 151 to 200 2.0 2.0 1.25 6. 201 to 300 3.0 2.0 1.50

21. For building above 300m 2 plot area and height upto 13 m 1. Minimum front set back Minimum rear set back is 3 m Minimum side backs Width of road in m Minimum set back in m Up to 12 3 12 to 18 4 Above 18 4.5 Plot area Minimum set back 301 to 670 1.5 m or 0.25 of the height of the building on each side Above 670 3 m on both side or 0.25 of height of the building which is higher

22. Height Of The Building Height of building according to width of street: The maximum height of the building shall not exceed 1.5 times the width of road. For building in vicinity of aerodromes, the maximum height of the building is fixed in consultation with civil aviation authorities. The height shall not included if building is erected one-third of roof area, including: Roof tank and its support Ventilating, lift room Roof structure other than pent-house

23. Plinth height The height of the plinth shall not be less than 450 mm ground level. Minimum height of 600 mm is the best from drainage or other consideration. It is minimum 900 mm in water logged soils.

24. Minimum Size Of Diff. Rooms No. Name of room Minimum area Minimum size of side Height Other r equi r e me n t 1. Habitable room -bed room -living room -study room 9.5 m 2 2.4 m Not less then 2.75 m from surface of floor to lowest point of ceiling As per need 2. Kitchen 5 m 2 1.8 m Not less than 2.75 m As per need 3. Bath rooms and water closets 1.8 m 2 If bath and water closet are combined, its floor area shall not less than 2.8 m 2 with minimum width 1.2 m Not less than 2.1 m As per need

25. No. Name of room Minimum area Minimum size of side Height Other requirement 4. Store room 3 m 2 ----- Not less than 2.2 m ----- 5. Garage 12.5 m 2 3m x 6m Not less than 2.4 m ----- 6. Stair case The minimum width of stair is 0.9 m. Clear head room shall be 2.2 m Minimum width of tread without nosing 250 mm in residential. The maximum height of rise shall be 190 mm for residential building.

26. Basement/Cellar The basement shall not be used for residential purpose. The basement to be constructed within the prescribed set back and building lines and subject to maximum on entrance floor may be put to only the following use: Storage of household Strongrooms, bank cellars Parking places Air conditioning equipment and other machine

27. Requirement of basement The height of basement from the floor to the underside of the roofslab or ceiling shall not be less than 2.4 m. The maximum height of the ceiling of any basement shall be 0.9 m and maximum 1.2 m above the average surrounding ground level. Adequate arrangement shall be made such that surface drainage does not enter the basement. The walls and floor of the basement shall be watertight. The access to the basement shall be separate from the main and alternative staircase providing access and exit from higher floor.

28. Compound Wall Except with the special permission of the maximum height of compound wall shall be 1.5 m above center line of front street. It is permitted 2.4 m when the top of 0.9 m is open type construction In corner plot it is restricted to 0.75 m for a length of 10 m on side and front intersection. The balance height of 0.75 m may be made up through railing and of design to be approved by the authority.

29. Projection in margins

30. Mezzanine Floor Minimum height of mezzanine floor shall be 2.2 m. The minimum size of the mezzanine floor, if it is to be used as a living room shall not less than 9.5 m 2 The aggregate area of such mezzanine floor in a building shall in no case exceed 1/3 the plinth area of the building.