Building-Conveying-System-2024-pptx.pptx

Lecture about cpnveyors and history about it.

1. B U I L DI N G CONVE Y I N G SYS T E M S Engineering Utilities 2

2. BASIC PRINCIPLES IN BUILDING CONVEYING SYSTEMS

3. BASIC PRINCIPLES IN BUILDING CONVEYING SYSTEMS Ma n u a l l y o pe r ated el e vato r s w e r e f i rst used f or l i f ting f r ei g ht in wa r e h o u ses a n d ma n uf a c t ur i ng pl a nts a s ear l y a s t he 1600 s . T h e y be g a n a s sim pl e r o p e or cha in h o is t s t h a t m o v ed an open p l a t f o r m . In 1 8 5 2 , Elisha O t i s i n t r o d uced t he s a f ety el e v a to r , w h i c h p r e v en t ed t he f a l l of t h e e l e vat o r cab if t he c a ble b r o k e . Otis ’ s s a f ety d e vice consisted o f a k nu r l e d r o l l er loc a ted bel o w t he el e v a t o r pl a t f o r m a n d a g o v er n or d e vic e that m o nit o r ed des c en di n g spee d . The s a f ety d e vice loc k ed w he n t h e el e v a tor d escended a t a h i g he r than n o rm a l spee d . It wa s this s a f ety f eatu r e t h a t ma de th e e l e v a t o r a s a f e c o n v e y i ng s yst e m f or b uilding occu p an t s, wh i ch t h en made skys cr a pe rs achi e vabl e .

4. 1. ELEVATORS Elevator Technologies Basic Components of an Elevator System Classifications of Elevators Elevator Design Criteria

5. ELEVATOR TECHNOLOGIES An elevator is a conveying device used to move people or freight vertically, usually between floors of a building.

6. THE TWO BASIC TYPES OF ELEVATOR TECHNOLOGIES HYDRAULIC TRACTION

7. HYDRAULIC ELEVATORS It consists of a fluid-driven hydraulic jack (cylinder and plunger); a pump, powered by an electric motor, that increases the pressure in the hydraulic fluid; a control valve between the cylinder and reservoir controls the pressure in the jack; and a fluid reservoir (tank). It operates when the pump draws oil from the reservoir, pressurizes it, pushing the oil through the oil line to the jack, and driving the elevator car upward. A release of fluid through the control valve and back to the reservoir decreases oil pressure, which allows the plunger and connected elevator car to move downward.

8. PHOTO BELOW SHOWS SOME OF THE COMPONENTS OF A HYDRAULIC ELEVATOR.

9. VARIATIONS OF BASIC TYPES OF ELEVATORS. Conventional (Holed) Hydraulic Elevator Traction Elevator Holeless Hydraulic Elevator Roped Hydraulic Elevator

10. HOLED HYDRAULIC ELEVATORS On a conventional (holed) hydraulic elevator, an inground hydraulic jack lifts the elevator car. A long plunger requires a deep hole below the bottom landing. The hole is usually drilled into the ground and cased with a plastic or metal casing before the building is erected. A telescopic hydraulic elevator has a telescoping plunger consisting of concentric tubes that slide within one another, allowing a shallow hole below the lowest floor. Conventional (holed) hydraulic elevators are the most balanced type of hydraulic elevator configuration because the lifting point on the bottom of the elevator car is centered.

11. HOLELESS HYDRAULIC ELEVATORS Holeless hydraulic elevators have one or two jacks situated beside the rails that lift the platform. Because they do not require holes to be dug for the hydraulic jack(s), they are referred to as “ holeless .” The dual or twin jack configuration can have two (front and rear) entrances, while the single jack configuration can only have one (front) entrance.

12. ROPED HYDRAULIC ELEVATORS R o p ed h y draulic e l e vat o rs u se a com b inati o n of b o t h r op es and h ydraulic p o w er to r aise and l o w er car s . Th e y typical l y c on s is t of a c a n t il e v e r ed c a r that is lifte d b y r op es t h at pass o v er a s h e a v e (p u ll e y) fas t e n ed t o t h e top o f a h yd r aulic pl u nge r . A s the p l u n ger ri s es, s o does the el e v a t o r c a r . Single r o p e co n figura t i o n cann o t h a v e r ear e n trance s .

13. 2. TRACTION ELEVATORS T ra c tio n elevators have a drive machine with an electric motor and pulley - l ike (grooved) drive sheave that holds cables that move the elevator car up or down.

14. TRACTION ELEVATOR Stee l cables, called ho i sting r opes, suppo r t the el e vat o r and c oun t er weight du r ing normal oper atio n . The r e a r e t y pical l y th r ee t o eig h t cables f or each el e v a to r . Most tra ction el e vat o rs genera l l y use wi r e r opes that a r e 1 ⁄ 4 t o 11 ⁄ 4 inch e s ( 6 t o 32 m m ) i n d i amete r and a r e c o m posed o f m ult i strand s o f t s teel wi r e w ound a r ound a he m p or po l y m er i c co r e . T radit i o nal l y , t h e 8 19 w i r e r ope (eigh t stran d s w i th 19 w i r es per s tra n d) patte r n wa s u s e d , but this i s being r epla c ed wi t h m o d ern patte r n s . Wi r e r opes m ust m at c h the dri ve she a v e per f ec t l y t o en s u r e that th e y h a v e a l o ng li f e . The counter w ei g ht i s a set o f steel or i r on p late s f a s t en e d t o one en d o f the ho i sting r ope that c o unte r bal a nc e s the ca r . I t i s w eighted t o be equal t o the car ’ s d e ad w eight plus 40 t o 50 % o f car l o ad c a pacit y . The w eight o f t h e car and c o unte r w eight p r esses r opes int o g r o o v es o n a dr i v e she a v e . The f ri c ti o n bet w een the ho i sting r opes and the dr i v e she a v e i s used t o m o v e the el e vat o r car wi t h the cabl e .

15. CLASSIFICATIONS OF ELEVATORS Passenger Elevator Freight Elevators Dumbwaiters Manlifts

16. CLASSIFICATIONS OF ELEVATORS Passenger elevators are designed to carry people and small packages. Freight elevators are used to carry material, goods, equipment, and vehicles, rather than people.

17. CLASSIFICATIONS OF ELEVATORS A dumbwaiter is a small freight elevator used to transport lightweight freight such as food, laundry, books, records, and other small items. A manlift is an elevator installed in a variety of structures and locations to provide vertical transportation of authorized personnel and their tools and equipment only.

18. TYPE AND DESIGN SPEEDS FOR ELEVATORS ARE COMPARED IN TABLE BELOW.

19. 2. E S CA L A T O R S An escalator is a power- driven, continuously moving stairway system used for transporting people.

20. ESCALATOR COMPONENTS ARE SHOWN IN FIGURE BELOW.

21. ESCALATOR COMPONENTS Balustrade is the side of an escalator system. It extends above the steps and includes skirt panels, interior panels, decks, and handrails. Moving handrail provides a handhold that riders use for balance and safety on their ride up or down. The handrail is powered by the same system that powers the steps. It moves along the top of the balustrade in synchronization with the steps.

22. A LOWER LANDING OF AN ESCALATOR. NOTE HOW THE STAIRS RAISE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE ESCALATOR. AN EMERGENCY STOP SWITCH EXTENDS FROM THE RIGHT HANDRAIL. •

23. COMPONENTS OF AN ESCALATOR. Truss is an assembly of structural steel that serves to support the escalator load. Ends of the truss are attached to top and bottom landing platforms. The machinery of an escalator is hidden beneath its steps and within the truss. At the top of the escalator, housed in the truss, is an electric motor that runs the drive gears. There are two drive gears on either side at the top and two return gears on either side at the bottom. These gears have chains that loop around the gears and run down each side of the escalator. Connected to each step, these chains help the steps make their way up, or down, the escalator.

24. AN UPPER LANDING OF AN ESCALATOR. NOTE HOW THE STAIRS FOLD IN AT THE TOP OF THE ESCALATOR. .

25. AN EMERGENCY STOP SWITCH ON AN ESCALATOR. .

26. A CONTINUOUS PARALLEL ESCALATOR SYSTEM. .

27. VARIOUS TYPES OF ESCALATORS. .

28. ARRANGEMENT

29. ARRANGEMENT

30. 3. WALKWAYS AND RAMPS A moving walkway is a power- driven, continuous, slow- moving conveyor belt that transports people horizontally. They are also called moving sidewalk, moving pavement, walkalator , and travelator . An inclined moving walkway, also called a moving rampor power ramp, is a moving walkway that transports people on an incline, up to a 12° angle of inclination . Moving walkways are more accessible to those in wheelchairs, as they are usually thought easier to use than getting in and out of small elevators.

31. AN INCLINED MOVING WALKWAY.

32. A (HORIZONTAL) MOVING WALKWAY.

33. WALKWAY. . The pallet-type walkway is a continuous series of flat metal plates, called pallets, that are joined together to form a walkway. Usually there is a metal or rubber surface (extra traction). Moving belt walkway systems are comprised of a mesh metal or rubber belt with a rubber walking surface that move over metal rollers.

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35. 4. OTHER SYSTEMS LIFTS WHEELCHAIR LIFT PLATFORM LIFTS STAIR LIFT CAR LIFT

36. WHEELCHAIR LIFT A wheelchair lift is a powered device designed to raise a wheelchair or scooter and its occupant to overcome a step or similar vertical barrier, usually 6 ft (1.8 m) or less. They often are designed to accommodate just one person in a wheelchair or scooter at a time. Commercial lifts are designed to raise a wheelchair or scooter and its occupant up to one story (about 12 ft>4 m).

37. WHEELCHAIR LIFT Platform lifts supply access to decks, porches, stages, and elevated surfaces.

38. STAIR LIFT A stair lift will carry a user safely up stairs. T o use a stair lift, the user sits on the lift’s seat; the seat will then transfer the user up or downstairs via a staircase- mounted track.

39. CAR LIFT A car lift is installed in small parking garages where ramps are not feasible. The platforms are raised and lowered hydraulically and are connected to steel chain gears. In addition to the vertical motion, the platforms can rotate about its vertical axis (up to 180°) to ease driver access and/or accommodate building plans. In selecting lift equipment, the building designer typically relies on specifications available from equipment suppliers.

40. PEOPLE MOVERS An automated people mover (APM) is a fully automated, grade- separated mass transit system. An APM system typically serves relatively small facilities such as airports, downtown districts, or theme parks, but is sometimes applied to considerably more complex automated systems. It may use technologies such as monorail, duorail, automated guideway transit, or magnetically levitating (maglev) method. Propulsion may involve conventional on- board electric motors, linear motors, or cable traction. APMs are common at large airports in the United States.

41. MATERIAL- HANDLING EQUIPMENT Material-handling equipment is a mechanical device used to move and store materials and goods. This equipment consists of trolleys, conveyors, forklifts, automated storage/retrieval systems, cargo and baggage handlers, carousels, rail- guided vehicles, automated guided vehicles, intelligent flexible modular conveyors, pick- and- place units, and overhead hoists and cranes. In selecting material- handling equipment, the building designer typically relies on specifications available from equipment suppliers.

42. THE CONVEYOR BELT OF AN AUTOMATIC BOOK- SORTING SYSTEM AT A PUBLIC LIBRARY. .

43. P A T E RN O S TE R A paternoster is a special type of elevator consisting of a constantly moving chain of boxes. A similar concept moves only a small platform, which the rider mounts while using a handhold and was once seen in multistory industrial plants. Passengers can step on or off at any floor they like. Today, the installation of new paternosters is no longer allowed because of to their inherent danger.

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